Leadership Skills Qualities of a Great Leader Free Essays

As referenced by the artist, the basic assignment of administration is â€Å"changing the manner in which work works, so you can improve the work.† at the end of the day, pioneers lead their gathering or group by affecting them to clear their brains about something they don't know about and convince the gathering to move towards the correct way by sharing aggregate information. The great chiefs have that vision to see the future to keep away from the dread of obscure or mysterious. We will compose a custom exposition test on Initiative Skills: Qualities of a Great Leader or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Gary Yukl characterizes administration as â€Å"the procedure of impacting others to comprehend and concur about what should be done and how to do it, and the way toward encouraging individual and aggregate endeavors to achieve shared objectives.† (Rowe Guerrero, 2011) Moreover, the administration attempts to consummate the present procedures or techniques to satisfy the general target of the association. In any case, administration depends on sharing the aggregate information and impacting a gathering of individuals to take a gander at various choices to take care of an issue. Besides, the artist depicts the five L â€Å"qualities† of good pioneers. Following are the five L â€Å"qualities†: Pioneers do lead: The main quality is that pioneers are responsible for driving their gathering or group and they lead from front or behind. At the end of the day, driving from the front implies that the pioneers really guide their gathering or colleagues and they disclose them how to achieve various objectives. In any case, a few chiefs have confidence in driving from behind which implies they engage their gathering or group to think what they have to achieve and how they ought to achieve those assignments. Contingent upon the circumstance, these pioneers conclude whether to lead from the front or behind. Pioneers tune in: The subsequent quality is that pioneers must have great listening abilities. Without tuning in to their adherents, pioneers can't comprehend their perspective and it makes it difficult for them to lead successfully. All things considered, the activity of a pioneer is to share the information among all gathering or colleagues and without correspondence successfully, it is difficult to lead. Along these lines, pioneers must have great listening abilities, so they can give legitimate criticism to their supporters. Great pioneers tune in with their ears as well as utilize their eyes to tune in to their supporters. At some point words that are inferred state a ton and great pioneers know about this reality. Pioneers adapt persistently: The third quality is that a decent pioneer comprehends that the adapting never stops and he/she attempts to gain from individuals around. Pioneers learn by seeing how individuals carry on or how they respond to various issues. Authority is tied in with having any kind of effect, so if a pioneer can't roll out a positive improvement to the gathering or group he/she is pioneers, the person in question is anything but a decent pioneer. In this way, great pioneers consistently investigate the shoulders of their devotees to keep learning and it causes them to test their own abilities. They have to look forward, for instance, if things are going their way in the present, they don’t depend on that, however they are consistently quick to develop themselves. Pioneers love: The fourth quality is that acceptable pioneers consistently appreciate the great work of their adherents. Pioneers cause their adherents to accept that nothing is unthinkable if the supporters are sufficiently resolved to accomplish their objectives. A decent pioneer realizes how to make that additional move to have any kind of effect and this abilities recognize a decent pioneer from an incredible pioneer. Pioneers realize how to make that climate in which the adherents accept that they are following a decent pioneer. Without accepting the standards of their pioneers, it is difficult for the adherents to stroll a similar way and great pioneers realize how to cause their supporters to trust them. Pioneers lose with beauty: The fifth quality is that pioneers realize how to lose with elegance. At the point when a group experience disappointment, a decent pioneers realizes how to step up and assume liability for that disappointment. For example, when Canucks neglected to progress to the second round of the Stanley cup end of the season games, the commander of Vancouver Canucks assumed full liability by saying, â€Å"we choked.† This is an indication of a decent pioneer who realizes how to lose with effortlessness. Great pioneers don't put stock in pin pointing fingers at various people after the group neglects to achieve their goals. A decent pioneer makes his/her group accepts that on the off chance that they win, they win as a group and on the off chance that they lose, they lose as a group. I unequivocally concur that these characteristics are singular traits however this doesn't imply that a person who was not brought into the world with these characteristics can't adjust them. Any person who is resolved to lead a group can utilize these characteristics to impact his/her supporters. For instance, I generally feel that I can lead our cricket crew however I alarm when we lose ceaselessly. Nonetheless, it doesn't imply that I can’t adjust the nature of losing with elegance. I accept that on the off chance that I buckle down enough, I can adjust that quality. Despite the fact that I don’t think a lot about the music business, yet I think we have great pioneers in all parts. In the music business, individuals impact lives of numerous adherents with no immediate association with them. For instance, Michael Jackson was in a roundabout way driving such a significant number of youths to follow their fantasies. He was a motivation for some youngsters, however he probably won't have had every one of these characteristics. He imparted love to his devotees and he propelled them to make that additional move to make progress. Nonetheless, it is difficult to state that individuals from the music business have every one of these characteristics since more than everything else, it relies upon your individual character. In my field of study which is bookkeeping, these five L characteristics can assume a significant job for pioneers to lead. For instance, the bookkeeping chief of the organization I work for utilize a large portion of these characteristics to lead our bookkeeping gathering. He is a generally excellent audience which causes us to reveal to him our side of the story since his point of view is unique in relation to our own. At Kwantlen, Barbara who was my bookkeeping instructor utilizes these characteristics to impact her understudies to make progress. She is consistently quick to help understudies by making them consider distinctive bookkeeping issues and she additionally centers around gaining from the understudies by listening them cautiously. So as to gain proficiency with these five characteristics, it is smarter to concentrate on every quality bit by bit. The initial step is become a decent audience. This should be possible by getting progressively patient to quiet yourself down. When an individual turns into a decent audience, the subsequent stage is figure out how to acknowledge great work of your associates, companions, supporters and even relatives. This would assist a person with gaining certainty of individuals around him/her. From that point forward, center around sharing information since this would permit a person to have confidence in constant learning. When the individual has every one of these characteristics, the following stage is lead individuals or gathering by utilizing strategies, for example, driving from front or driving from behind. Everything relies upon the circumstance or issues that individual is managing. The last advance is figure out how to share the achievement and disappointment among all g athering individuals by remaining all together. Step by step instructions to refer to Leadership Skills: Qualities of a Great Leader, Essay models

Financial Ratio Analysis Financial Business Performance

Question: Examine about the Financial Ratio Analysis for Financial Business Performance. Answer: Presentation Money related proportions examination assists with interpretting the monetary presentation of the organization for the period and contrast it and execution of different organizations. Counts and clarification to proportions Proportion Calculation Proportions Equation 2015 A Gainfulness 1 Net Profit Ratio Net Profit/Revenue Telstra 16.37% TPG 17.62% Vocus 13.42% 2 Net Profit Net Profit/Revenue Telstra 73% TPG 100% Vocus 100% 3 Profit for Equity Net Profit/Equity Telstra 30.00% TPG 22.33% Vocus 10.20% B Liquidity Ratios 1 Current Ratio Current Assets/Current Liabilities Telstra 0.86 TPG 0.98 Vocus 1.02 2 Snappy Ratio Snappy Assets/Current Liabilities Telstra 0.75 TPG 0.93 Vocus 0.95 3 Money Ratio Money and Cash Equivalent/Current Liabilities Telstra 0.17 TPG 0.68 Vocus 0.38 C Capital Structure 1 Obligation Equity Ratio Obligation/Equity Telstra 1.29 TPG 0.39 Vocus 0.74 2 Obligation Ratio Obligation/Total Assets Telstra 0.45 TPG 0.24 Vocus 0.38 3 Intrigue Coverage Ratio Income/Finance Cost Telstra 30.55 TPG 60.52 Vocus 24.83 D Movement Ratios 1 Records Receivable Turnover Turnover/Accounts Receivable Telstra 5.47 TPG 19.86 Vocus 6.48 2 Fixed Asset Turnover Turnover/Fixed Asset Telstra 0.77 TPG 0.91 Vocus 0.44 3 Deals to stock Turnover Turnover/Inventory Telstra 52.64 TPG 211.83 Vocus (Yearly Report 2015: Telstra, TPG and Vocus) On deciphering the above table of proportion investigation following ends has been drawn for each sort of proportions: Liquidity Analysis: On taking a gander at the present proportion and snappy proportion of Telstra it tends to be said that organization has poor dissolvability position as contrast with TPG and Vocus. Telstra additionally neglects to keep adequate money and money counterparts to pay the liabilities and then again both TPG and Vocus keep adequate money and money reciprocals to render the installment of liabilities easily (Mumba, 2013). Productivity Analysis: Net benefit proportion shows that TPG has best net benefit proportion as contrast with Telstra and Vocus. It very well may be said that Telstra has earned adequate net benefit in year 2015 to gain 30% profit for value, which is most elevated among all the organizations. Capital Structure: On taking a gander at the capital arrangement of all Telstra and its rivals, it has been discovered that Telstra depends for the most part on obligation capital as contrast with value capital. Investigation shows that capital structure of TPG just as Vocus is extremely stable as contrast with Telstra (Bull, 2007). Action Ratio: It can be said that Telstra neglects to utilize the benefits according to their productivity since all the action proportions are not good for Telstra as they are profoundly low as contrast with contenders (Houston and Brigham, 2009). Suggestion It has been strongly prescribed to the financial specialists that they don't put resources into the Telstra because of its terrible showing in year 2015. End Translation shows that monetary exhibition of Telstra was frail as contrast with their principle rivals. Aside from the contender examination it very well may be said that organization execution was better as contrast with earlier year. References Yearly Report 2015. Telstra. [Online]. Yearly Report 2015. TPG. [Online]. Yearly Report 2015. Vocus. [Online]. Bull, R. 2007. Money related Ratios: How to utilize budgetary proportions to boost worth and accomplishment for your business'. UK: Elsevier. Houston, J.F. what's more, Brigham, E.F. 2009. Basics of Financial Management. Cengage Learning. Mumba, C. 2013. Getting Accounting and Finance: Theory and Practice. USA: Trafford Publishing.

Walker and Commissioner of Taxation †Free Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Walker and Commissioner of Taxation. Answer: Presentation In the above case Mr. Walker worked for three businesses in the resulting areas. He functioned as a sorter and boss at Benyenda Citrus While working at Craxcorp he was doled out a shed and the obligations he was at risk to do included stacking beds, arranging and pressing produce(Administrative Appeals Tribunal , 2015). Later on he administered the pickers and performed pressing. At Wrenco there were assortment of obligations given to Mr. Walker that included shed management, fork lift driver and low maintenance fix boss. There were two ranches of Wrenco where broncollini and strawberries developed and it was necessitated that Mr. Walker will drive his own bike between the two ranches. He was joined by his significant other who filled in as a packer. The two of them ventured to every part of the three areas on an engine vehicle towing a parade and keeping in mind that working them two lived in the Caravan. While a specific season would complete commonly crafted by Mr. Walker would reach a conclusion. In this way, there was a desire that created between the three bosses and Mr. Walker that there would be accessibility for work about a similar time each year and he would be accessible to convey the equivalent. Afterward, there were different finding asserted by Mr. Walker that incorporated his movement costs. These costs incorporated the costs of heading out to the work areas at Bowen, Gayndah and Stanhope. Alongside he asserted the findings for the settlement, staple goods and food while he was on circuit. The infrequent private travel was barred by him from the findings asserted. Further he guaranteed the web and versatile costs that were considered by him as business related costs. All the costs were distributed by Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Walker and findings were asserted. The issues associated with the case: There were two rule entries made by Mr. Walker Initially, he said he is voyaging ranch specialist and voyaging is a piece of his work and thusly he is entitled for the conclusions of the movement, dinners, settlement and staple goods while he is on the circuit. Besides, on the off chance that he is found not being a voyaging specialist than the dinners and settlement are at risk for reasoning based on the way that he is living ceaselessly from his home with the end goal of work and hence the movement costs are deductible. While he further cases that the telephone and web was utilized for the work purposes and is accordingly obligated for deductions(Wrieght, 2017). The magistrate after a review of the assessment issues of Mr. Walker denied the derivations made by Mr. Walker and given corrected appraisals. Book reference Managerial Appeals Tribunal , 2015. ATO.gov. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/law/see/pdf/misc-case/rdr_2017aata324.pdf [Accessed 18 May 2017]. Wrieght, B., 2017. bwslawyers. [Online] Available at: https://www.bwslawyers.com.au/wp-content/transfers/2017/04/AprilTaxNotes-01652254.pdf [Accessed 18 May 2017].

Last Minute Speaking Activities for ESL Teachers

Very late Speaking Activities for ESL Teachers Any instructor whos been in the business for in excess of a couple of months knows its essential to have short talking exercises close by to fill in those holes that definitely happen during class.â Understudy Interviews Acquainting Students with Each Other/Expressing Opinions Pick a theme that will intrigue your understudies. Request that they compose at least five inquiries concerning this subject (understudies can likewise think of the inquiries in little gatherings). When they have completed the inquiries, they should meet at any rate two different understudies in the class and take notes on their answers. At the point when the understudies have completed the movement, request that understudies sum up what they have discovered from the understudies they have met. This activity is entirely adaptable. Starting understudies can ask each other when they do their different every day assignments, propelled understudies can make up questions concerning legislative issues or other interesting issues. Restrictive Chains Rehearsing restrictive structures This movement explicitly targets contingent structures. Pick either the genuine/incredible or past stunning (1, 2, 3 contingent) and give a couple of models: On the off chance that I had $1,000,000, Id purchase a major house. /If I purchased a major house, marry need to get new furnishings. /If we got new furnishings, marry need to discard the old. etc.â Understudies will get on rapidly to this action, however you may be astonished by how the story consistently appears to return to the beginning.â New Vocabulary Challengeâ Enacting New Vocabulary Another normal test in the homeroom is getting understudies to utilize new jargon as opposed to the regular old, regular old. Request that understudies conceptualize jargon. You can concentrate on a point, a specific grammatical feature, or as a jargon audit. Take two pens and (I like to utilize red and green) and compose each word in one of two classes: A classification for words that ought not be utilized in discussion - these incorporate words like go, live, and so forth., and a classification that understudies should use in discussion - these incorporate jargon things youd like to get understudies utilizing. Pick a theme and challenge understudies to just utilize the objective vocabulary.â Who Wants a...? Persuading Advise understudies that you are going to give them a present. In any case, just a single understudy will get the present. So as to get this present, the understudy must persuade you through his/her familiarity and creative mind that the person merits the present. Its best to utilize a wide scope of fanciful presents as certain understudies will clearly be more pulled in to specific sorts of presents than others. A computerA blessing testament for $200 at an in vogue storeA jug of costly wineA new vehicle Depicting Your Best Friend Unmistakable Adjective Use Compose a rundown of unmistakable modifiers on the board. Its best on the off chance that you incorporate both positive and negative qualities. Request that understudies pick the two positive and two negative descriptive words that best portray their closest companions and disclose to the class while they picked those modifiers. Variation:Have understudies portray one another. Three Picture Story Illustrative Language/Reasoning Pick three pictures from a magazine. The principal picture ought to be of individuals that are in a type of relationship. The other two pictures ought to be of articles. Have understudies get into gatherings of three or four understudies to a gathering. Show the class the primary picture and solicit them to talk about the relationship from the individuals in the image. Show them the subsequent picture and reveal to them that the article is something that is critical to the individuals in the primary picture. Ask understudies to talk about for what good reason they believe that article is imperative to the individuals. Show them the third picture and reveal to them that this article is something that the individuals in the main picture truly dont like. Ask them to by and by talk about the purposes behind what valid reason. After you have completed the action, have the class think about the different stories that they came up inside their gatherings.

Fact of Emergence of Information Technology in India - Free Essay Example

Real fact of emergence of Information Technology effecting rural area Er. Hardeep Singh Sidhu (M. Sc,M. Phil,M. Tech. ) (Lect. in computer science) Department of Computer Science Punjabi University Baba Jogipir Neighbourhood campus, Ralla, Mansa (Punjab) The researcher are, associated with Department of Computer Science at Punjabi University Baba Jogipir Neighborhood Campus, Ralla, Mansa, Punjab (India). Abstract: Research in the field of emergence of IT in rural area has varied applications, through which the development of the rural area can be possible accurately. Government had introduced large number of projects through which the people of rural India can come forward and use the IT enabled services and work more systematically to improve their efficiency. This paper discusses the effects of information technology (IT) and its practical contributions to rural development. It also presents rural area’s experiences in the use of IT and identifies the requirements and the issues needed to make practical use of IT systems for overall development of rural area. It emphasizes on the importance of national collaboration in promoting the use of IT in rural development, and minimization the communication gap through the whole country. Keywords: rural development, information technology, rural industries, rural economy, Acronyms: GIS (geographic information system) DSS (decision support system) ISP (internet service provider) FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) GOI (Government of India) NCAER (National Council for Applied Economic Research) DGP (Digital Gangetic Plan) ATM (automatic teller machines) IT (information technology) INTRODUCTION: This paper discusses the effects of information technology (IT) and its practical contributions to rural development. It also presents rural area’s experiences in the use of IT and identifies the requirements, analysis and implementation issues needed to make practical use of IT systems for overall developmen t of rural area. A large number of studies have shown that even today approximately 70% of Indian Population lives in Rural Areas. Today, Rural Development is essential for the development of the Indian Economy. Indian Government has realized the role of the rural development and the contribution of IT in the development of Rural Areas. A large number of projects are introduced in the rural area to promote IT service. Rural Literacy is ranked at the topmost position of priority. Trends indicate that rural markets are coming up in big way and growing twice as faster as urban markets. According to a study by NCAER (National Council for Applied Economic Research), the number of middle and high-income households in rural India is expected to grow from 80 Million to 111 Million by the end of year 2007 as compared to Urban India that is nearby 59 Million. The Rural Market of India is showing an impressive growth largely due to changing lifestyle patterns, better communication networ k and rapidly changing demand structure of consumers of rural area. With the changing patterns of Rural Market, the role of IT has increased from providing only the Networks to set-up the basis of updated technological programs in the rural area. It is seen that the people living in the rural area have strong purchasing power and have more openness for new technology as compared to the past decades. In Rural India, Government has already provided Info-kiosks (centre providing various kind of information) which provide basic communication facilities like internet connection and telecommunication services. Modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) were found to have great potential to contribute. The projects of Info- Kiosks are very popular in the region have shown a positive response in the development of the rural area. Information technology (IT) doubtlessly contributes much to rural development. It can facilitate rural activities and provide more comfortable and safe rural life with equivalent services to those in the urban areas, such as provision of distance education, tale-medicine, remote public services, remote entertainment etc. For example, farmers must make critical decisions such as what to and when to plant, and how to manage pests, while considering off-farm factors such as environmental impacts, market access, and industry standards. IT-based decision support system (DSS) can surely help their decisions (i. . weather forecasting etc. ) Government is taking serious steps for the development of the rural market, under which the activities related to the development of the rural infrastructure, subsidized food availability and rural employment schemes are at the priority. IT plays a major role in accurate implementing these developmental programs in the rural area. Government has set up various centers which are spreading the IT web in the rural area through which people can be benefited and exploit the resources available effi ciently. In last, IT can take an important and key role for industrialization of farming or farm business enterprises, combining the above roles. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to discuss the effects of information technology (IT) and its practical contributions to allover development of rural area. It also presents rural area’s experiences in the use of IT techniques and identifies the requirements, analysis and implementation issues needed to make practical use of IT technology for overall development of rural area. This also support research program for assessing the impact of IT on poverty reduction in the rural areas to some extent. It also helps to develop and test new rural area applications such as new farming techniques, information management, employment and industrial growth for rural areas. Impacts of IT in rural agriculture development: IT policy for agriculture and rural development started late in 1990s in India but it had not been successfu l for a long time. The policy gave higher priority to hardware than software, resulting in insufficient data resources nd poor applications that were not useful enough to convince farmers of the beneficial effect of IT in agriculture. Poor network infrastructure in rural areas is also one of the obstacles for IT in agriculture because the Internet is an important factor in whatever information system we develop nowadays and it usually helps reduce cost of system development and maintenance. Poor rural network infrastructure and IT literacy contributed to this failure. Reports shows that 50% of farm households own personal computers (PCs) but only 10% of them use the computer for farming. This number is much lower than that of other industries. This fact clearly indicates that farmers are not convinced about the benefits of IT in agriculture. Another difficult problem is computer literacy in the rural areas. Even thus the commercial competition has brought the country a rapid spre ad of very cheap broadband Internet (bsnl, connect and other ISP) in urban areas. However, broadband connectivity is still quite poor in rural areas because of absence of commercial competition. This fact also limits the IT extension in the rural areas, as the Internet is apparently an inevitable core infrastructure in IT utilization. IT can initiate new agricultural techniques (i. e. farmer use laser leveler, commonly says â€Å"Computer Kuraha† to level their farm, which greatly reduce the consumption of irrigation water, and increase the productivity of crop) , agriculture product marketing and rural business such as e-commerce, internet banking, rural tourism, and virtual corporation of small-scale farming. IT can support policy-making and evaluation on optimal farm production, disaster management, agro-environmental resource management etc. , using tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). We should also consider how to easily collect field data. Though f ield data are the basis for farm decision support, few people realize the importance of IT in developing several decision support programs. IT can improve farm management and farming. When we look at the present status in rural India, we can identify existing issues that we need to solve in order to extend role of IT to the agricultural domain. Education opportunity in rural area: IT greatly influences the education in rural India through the ICT project in many states of India. Through this project government of India provides computer or it education at school level from primary to senior secondary school with the collaboration education department of states. For example, Punjab government start this project in almost all secondary school of Punjab state in 2005 (first phase) under name â€Å"PUNJAB INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SOCIETY† (PICTE society). Now state government start this project in almost all school. This project greatly impact stud ents of rural area who are now availing computer or it education through internet facilities and teleconferencing. In a survey report, the growth of IT education sector increasing at very high speed. Many professional colleges and technical institutes (providing courses in management technology up to post graduation level) are opened by government and private sector to provide quality professional education in rural area at the doorsteps of students of rural area. This increase in the rural internet usage may help the government on other fronts also like increase in literacy rate among rural areas which is a priority of the Government. Telecommunication in rural area: IT playing revolutionary role in telecommunication in rural areas, through which TV cable network, Direct to Home (D2H) service provided by Government of India (free of cost through satellite communication) especially for rural and remote area and providing various channel of national and international level from t he whole word. India become word’s first country which providing this facility to their country men. Now it is possible for people to watch various news, events, social economic information and cultural activities of national and international level, which greatly influence the knowledge of rural people in various fields. Telephone, telefax and mobile telecommunication also greatly influence the people of rural area which providing important information related to agriculture, current affairs, insurance policy information etc. through short message service and multimedia message service. Entertainment for rural areas: IT playing revolutionary role in entertainment of rural area. Level of entertainment is increasing from, traditional to modern techniques, such as viewing TV, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) available on mobile, Internet, cable radio, computer games, mobile games, simulation games, training, projectors for viewing movies and advertisement etc. IT indus try develop real time game application by including adventures multimedia games allow everyone to experience the joy of driving e-cars, become pilot by driving e-aircraft, become musician by playing different kind of musical instruments etc. Mainly students, adolescence, youth and even matures of rural area are expressing very craziness about these application of entertainment. Information kiosks in rural area: In Rural India, Government has already provided Info-kiosks (centre providing various kind of information) which provide basic communication facilities like internet connection and telecommunication services. Modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) were found to have great potential to contribute. These centres provide facilities of electric billing, sewerage billing, e-banking, e-post and information regarding latest schemes started by the government for the betterment of rural people time to time. The projects of Info- Kiosks are very popular in the r egion of Andra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujrat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madya Pradesh, Rajasthan Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh and have shown a positive response in the development of the rural area. Other states are also tie ups with the private sector for implementation of this modern facility. E-Banking and insurance in rural area: The Indian banking industry has undergone radical changes due to emergence of IT era. The process of globalization and our trend towards global standard change the perception of customer service and banking evader to serve the customer better with the help of e-governance and e-banking. Most rural area provides facility of internet banking, mobile banking and automatic teller machines (ATM) for their satisfaction and ease to any type of transaction. Insurance business sector also speed ups in rural area with awareness of insurance of lives and other property matters. Many insurance companies take steps towards rural area market providing various ki nds of insurance policies with the help of seminars, providing customer care centers, and to give information about new policies or advantages of insurance on their laptop to present presentation about it. Growth of marketing sector in rural area: With the impact of it in every sphere, several sectors are showing their inclination towards the rural market area due to the increased possibility of opportunities and rising of income generation of rural area from last few decades. Market Trends have witnessed twice growth rate of the rural market as compared to the urban markets. . IT can initiate new agricultural and rural business such as e-commerce, real estate business for satellite offices, rural tourism, and virtual corporation of small-scale farms. Home shopping trends also increasing in rural area with the help of tele shopping on television and online shopping on internet. customer can place their order online and can get information about various kinds of products and lates t model in the market with their latest features. In a report by market researchers, it was observed that rural market has shown a rapid rate of growth. The number of rural households using fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) products has grown from 136 million in 2004 to 143 million in 2007. The FMCG sector in rural areas is projected to grow by 40 per cent against the 25 per cent growth in urban areas. The insurance sector size was estimated at US$ 12. 8 billion, and it is likely to see an unprecedented growth of 200 per cent, touching US$ 51. 2 billion by 2009-10. Rural India may offer a business opportunity worth US$ 23 billion for the insurance companies with innovative saving schemes at very affordable premiums and valuable new schemes in accordance with the economy of rural area. Employment opportunity in rural area: It appears that employment grew in rural areas that were regional trade centers. Existing IT education firms, strong retail sales, and high incomes all seem to drive employment in this sector. This may indicate that the types of services provided by these firms are most sought after where people shop and conduct business. Emergence of telecommunication in rural area also increases the opportunities of self employment in rural area. It is commonly seen that almost all villages in rural area have cyber cafe, computer centers, information centre etc. , where people can avail all kind of IT services without going to urban area. The existing firms making investments in needed infrastructure, making the rural area more attractive to new firms and business. New firms may be locating to areas where they can share resources with existing firms, creating a clustering effect. These resources are shared products and services provided by other industries and institutions. With the advancement in IT sector, industries  are facing towards rural area which subsequently increases growth of employment in rural area. It was found that higher speci alization in IT Services employment in 1995 increased IT Services employment in 2000. Rising living standard in rural area: India is showing an impressive growth largely due to changing lifestyle patterns, better communication network and rapidly changing demand structure of consumers of rural area. With the changing patterns of Rural Market, the role of IT has increased from providing only the Networks to set-up the basis of updated technological programs in the rural area. It is seen that the people living in the rural area have strong purchasing power and have more openness for new technology as compared to the last decades. Finally we can say that, with the influence of IT in rural area, the level of living standard in rural area is increasing. Project started by Government of India (GOI) to emphasis IT sector in rural area:   GOI introduced a number of programs through which the people of rural India can come forward and use the IT enabled services and work more systema tically to improve their efficiency. Some successfully running projects by the Government are: UDDAN: This project providing broadband connection on land line BSNL telephone connection primarily in rural area to promote information technology. ICT PROJECT: This project start with the aim of computer or IT education in all government school of different states of india. LOK MITRA AND JAN MITRA: In year 2002, two projects came into existence namely; Lok Mitra and Jan Mitra. This service is launched by the RAJASTHAN Government for the first time for its rural citizens, so that they can deploy the I. T. enabled benefits to its fullest. WI-FI PROJECT:   Ã‚  One of the wi-fi project under which few villages in Uttar Pradesh are connected to internet is Digital Gangetic Plan (DGP) . In DGP wireless network connectivity is created, this program helped the people residing in villages of near by it to have the access of internet DRISHTII: This project present in Punjab, Bihar, Haryana , Madya Pradesh and Rajasthan. It is generally suited in the Panchayat. They prepare the module for the poor section of the rural area who cannot understand international language. The modules are designed for the rural and semi-urban areas especially. BHOOMI: The government of Karnataka starts this project for maintaining the records related to the land introduced it. The Department of Revenue in Karnataka has computerized 20 million records of land ownership belonging to 6. 7 million farmers of the state. With the introduction of the program, the farmers are free from giving the bribe and are protected from the harassment. Framers can easily get the Records of Rights, Tenancy and Crops (RTC) by depositing fee of Rs. 15/-. This project also runs successfully in some region of Punjab also at Tehsil level. CONCLUSION: The paper has provided the brief description of the real fact of IT services offered in the rural areas of different states of India. These services have different l evel of service offered and basic organizational infrastructure. It is clearly seen that the range of IT enabled service proportion is increasing at a rapid rate in the rural areas. The fact behind it is the increasing interest of the organizations (Private or non private) to capture the rural markets and the increasing level of the education and market interface of the rural area. IT enabled services are growing at a fast rate and are providing several services to rural people with the common motive of minimizing the communication gap and having increase in the connectivity and to develop hi-tech. market place in the rural areas. The services provided to the rural area will result in the overall betterment of the society by increasing the income resources with latest market information and providing latest technological developmental news and organizations creating more market and employment opportunities, with which living standard of rural area speeds up gradually. For deve lopment of the rural areas proper development of the IT Communication and Infrastructural services are essential along with the use of new techniques supporting IT sector for providing lots of IT enabled services to the present rural infrastructure. Finally, orientation of Indian rural market can be transformed only with the deployment of IT sector. References: Lee, B. L. and Y. C. Kim. 1998. Web interface for GIS in agriculture, Agricultural Information Technology in India 1998. Otuka A. and K. Sugawara. 2003. A labor management application using hand-held computers, Agricultural Information Research. Information technology for management written by Efraim Turban, Dorothy Leidner, Ephraim Mclean and James Wetherbe. Rangaswamy, Representing the Non-formal: the Businesses of Internet cafes in India. EPIC 2007 proceedings. Retrieved March 7, 2008. Rangaswamy, R. (2007a). ICT for development and commerce: a case study of Internet cafes in India. Paper presented to the 9th Interna tional conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries. Sao Paulo, Brazil. May. Retrieved August 10, 2007 from https://research. microsoft. com. National Sample Survey Organization. (2000). Non-agricultural enterprises in the informal sector in India, 1999–2000 – Key Results (No. 456). New Delhi: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

Shays Rebellion APUSH Topics to Study for Test Day

Shays’ Rebellion was an uprising in Massachusetts that followed the Revolutionary War. The rebellion was spurred by high taxes and economic depression among rural farmers of the state. Shays’ Rebellion APUSH questions will likely focus on the effects the uprising had on the drafting of a new constitution. What is Shays’ Rebellion? Shays’ Rebellion was a series of protests and subversive acts, including an attempt to occupy a federal arsenal and overthrow the state government. The rebellion was named after its de facto leader, Daniel Shays, a former captain in the Continental army. The rebellion was sparked by the outrage of rural farmers who were losing their land due to their inability to pay high taxes. Seeing no relief, the farmers organized and began a series of protests that shut down the courts. Eventually, Shays organized an army of over a thousand rebels who marched on the arsenal in Springfield. They were run off by state militia. The militia pursued and eventually the rebellion was defeated, its actors fleeing to neighboring states. A portrait Daniel Shays (left) and Job Shattuck, another leader in the rebellion. Important years to note for Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-1787: Shays’ rebels protest, shut down courts, and attack the Springfield arsenal Why is Shays’ Rebellion so important? While unsuccessful in its aim to overthrow the Massachusetts government, Shays’ Rebellion had a lasting effect on the nation. Already unsatisfied with the Articles of Confederation, national leaders were troubled by the rebellion, seeing it as further evidence of the confederation’s weakness. They worried that states were not powerful enough to maintain order and settle disruptive matters, and that there were no checks on the authority of state leaders. The next rebellion, they feared, might be successful, and they foresaw unrest and anarchy befalling the nation state-by-state. When delegates went to Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention, Shays’ Rebellion was on their mind. The Federalists argued for a stronger central government that could stabilize the country and contain civil unrest while holding state governments accountable for the life, liberty, and happiness of its citizens. What are some historical people and events related to Shays’ Rebellion? Daniel Shays: The farmer and former soldier who led the rebellion James Bowdoin: Governor of Massachusetts whose tax burdens on poor farmers sparked the rebellion Articles of Confederation: first constitution of the newly-independent United States, ratified in 1781, establishing a government of loosely organized state governments Constitutional Convention: 1787 meeting in which delegates drafted the U.S. Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation which had proven to be ineffective, in part due to Shays Rebellion What example question about Shays’ Rebellion might come up on the APUSH exam? â€Å"‘Are we to have the goodly fabric, that eight years were spent in rearing, pulled over our heads?’ There is great danger that it will be so, I think; unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms, and even then a government which has no other basis than the point of the bayonet, should one be suspended thereon, is so totally different from the one established, at least in idea, by the different States that if we must have recourse to the sad experiment of arms it can hardly be said that we have supported ‘the goodly fabric.’ In this view of the matter it may be ‘pulled over our heads.’ This probably will be the case, for there doth not appear to be virtue enough among the people to preserve a perfect republican government.† -Letter from Benjamin Lincoln, the general who put down Shays Rebellion, to George Washington (Source) Shays’ Rebellion raised Washington’s concerns that A) the country needed a new constitution strengthening the central government. B) the Articles of Confederation gave too much power to the state governments. C) adopting a new constitution would spark rebellion in states across the union. D) wealthy national leaders were out of touch with the needs of the people. Answer: The correct answer is (A). Washington and other national leaders were greatly concerned that Shays’ Rebellion was exposing a weakness in the Articles of Confederation— namely that they weakened the union by limiting the role of the central government. As expressed in the quote Lincoln provides in his letter, Washington worried that the work of the Revolution would be undone by the civil unrest in Massachusetts. Lincoln seems to confirm his fears by stating that the people seem to be motivated by self-interest over the preservation of a republic. Shortly after Shays’ Rebellion, leaders met at the Philadelphia Convention and debated a new constitution establishing a strong central government that would have supremacy over the states.

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1628 Words

Since the initial use of the literary device of tragic heroes, various renowned works of modern literature have implemented it. There are two types of tragic heroes Greek and Shakespearean. A Greek tragic hero is defined as a character of noble or high standing, who is destined for suffering, downfall, or defeat, due to forces outside of his control. A Shakespearean tragic hero is defined as a character of noble or high standing, who attempts to do the right thing, but in doing so â€Å"misses the mark† and does the wrong thing, ultimately bringing about his downfall. In many modern novels the existence of a tragic hero can be argued. An example is the postcolonial novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. The novel follows the struggles of a†¦show more content†¦In doing this he is not only freely choosing that but is also going against what he was told. A Shakespearean tragic hero is often attempting to do the right thing but â€Å"miss the mark† and does t he opposite. In Thing Fall Apart this is not the cause for the protagonist Okonkwo, when he kills Ikemefuna, the young boy sacrificed by Mbaino to Umofia to prevent war, he does it out of fear of being weak. Okonkwo not only kills Ikemefuna out of fear but he was earlier told by Ezeudo, is oldest man in the village, to not take part in his death. This shows that Okwnko committed this act of violence for self-gain as opposed to being the right thing to do. â€Å"He heard Ikemefuna cry, My father, they have killed me! as he ran towards him. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak† (Achebe 61). Achebe distinctly writes that when Ikemefuna runs towards Okonkwo he is fearful and he draws his machete and kills him. This displays that Okonkwo although high in rank is not a noble man. He has distanced himself from all things seen as weak or feminine in his society to the point where acts of violence are his responses to situatio ns where he is fearful. His actions in this part of the novel directly go against the definition of a tragic hero. In killing Ikemefuna in an attempt to appear courageous, Okonkwo carries out this action for self-assurance of his own strength but in doing so he displays his fearful nature. Okonkwo

Lightening vs. Lightning How to Choose the Right Word

The words lightening and lightning look and sound similar, but their meanings are very different. The former is a verb, while the latter can be either a noun or an adjective. How to Use Lightening The word lightening is the present participle form of the verb lighten, which means to make lighter or brighter. Lighten can also mean to make happier or less serious (as in lighten the mood). As a present participle, lightening is often used in the continuous tense to indicate simultaneous actions: The painter mixed some white into the blue, lightening the color. In this sentence, the blue is lightened as the painter adds the color white; both actions—the mixing and the lightening—occur at the same time. How to Use Lightning The noun lightning refers to the flash of light that precedes thunder, the result of electrical activity in the atmosphere. As an adjective, lightning describes things that happen—like a flash of lightning—very suddenly or quickly. For example, a runner who outpaces her competitors might be described as moving at a lightning pace. Examples Lightening always refers to a change in condition that results in something becoming brighter, less heavy, or less serious than it was before: The sky was lightening as the sun rose over the hill.Her son helped carry some of the groceries home, lightening her heavy load.Putting on a funny movie is one way of lightening the mood. As a noun, lightning refers to the atmospheric phenomenon that produces a bolt of light in the sky: He saw lightning in the dark clouds; a few seconds later he heard thunder. Lightning can also be used as an adjective to describe lightning-related nouns: A narrow lightning rod was positioned at the top of the church steeple.The meteorologist reported that a lightning storm was headed their way. As an adjective, lightning can also modify nouns that relate to pacing: When he got the call for help, he rushed away at lightning speed.The conductor raced through the final movement, waving his arms and giving the music a lightning tempo. How to Remember the Difference The only difference between lightning and lightening is a single syllable, but that wasnt always the case. For several centuries, writes scholar Roy Blount, Jr., the job of representing aerial bolts of electricity was up in the air, flickering back and forth between lightning and lightening. The spellings eventually settled, and the two-syllable lightning became the word for the electrical phenomenon. To keep the terms straight, remember that lightning appears in the sky for a short moment, and lightning has fewer syllables than lightening. You can remember the definition of lightening by thinking of the rhyming words brightening and whitening. All three of these words refer to a change in state or condition: to make something lighter, brighter, or whiter. If the context calls for a verb, you should use lightening. Sources Blount, Roy Jr.  Alphabet Juice: The Energies, Gists, and Spirits of Letters, Words, and Combinations Thereof. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008, p. 172.

12 Angry Men Film Analysis - 1502 Words

INTRODUCTION: 12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notable for its almost exclusive use of one set: out of 96 minutes of run time, only three minutes take place outside of the jury room. 12 Angry Men explores many techniques of consensus-building and the difficulties encountered in the process,†¦show more content†¦It educates citizens about the law and legal process, helps them understand their duties as citizens and in the best case, improves their deliberations as citizens. 12 Angry Men The play is set in a New York City Court of Law jury room in 1957. The play opens to the empty jury room, and the Judge’s voice is heard, giving a set of final instructions to the jurors. We learn that this is a murder case and that, if found guilty, the mandatory sentence for the accused is the death penalty. After these instructions, the jurors enter. The men file in and decide to take a short break before deliberating. They complain that the room is hot and without air-conditioning; even the fan doesn’t work. All the jurors presume the obvious guilt of the defendant, whom we learn has been accused of killing his father. Eventually, the twelve sit down and a vote is taken. All of the jurors vote â€Å"guilty,† except for the 8th Juror, who votes â€Å"not guilty,which, due to the requirement of a unanimous jury, forces them to discuss the case. The jurors react violently against this dissenting vote.they decide to go around the table, explaining why they believe the boy to be guilty, in hopes of convincing 8th Juror. Through this discussion we learn the following facts about the case: an old man living beneath the boy and hisShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men1479 Words   |  6 Pages12 Angry Men (1957) focuses on a group of unnamed jurymen who must come to a unanimous decision regarding the guilt or innocence of an 18-year-old charged with murdering his father. While the trial is not depicted in the film, the jury deliberations are the central focus and examine several aspects of organization change and the obstacles that must be overcome in order to come to a unanimous agreement over the guilt or innocence of the accused. 12 Angry Men (1957) is a good example of the differentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film 12 Angry Men 917 Words   |  4 Pagesthe team to reach its goals, the way in which communication is done can also affect the team’s progress. In the film â€Å"12 Angry Men†, many of the pros and cons of group communication are highlighted. An overarching and prominent theme of discussion in the movie is the impact that personality has on the way that individuals communicate with others. The members of the jury from the film run the gamut of communication and personality styles. Some team members are wise and empathetic, but there areRead More12 Angry Men Film Analysis711 Words   |  3 Pages12 Angry Men is an example of the role cinematography can play in creating the atmosphere of a film. This film is set almost entirely in one room, but is still able to construct extreme tension like few other films have been able to do. It establishes this partly through the brilliant dialogue and fiery performances of its twelve actors, but also through powerful use of cinematography that helps in creating the gradually-festering atmosphere of the film. The opening scene of 12 Angry Men is a low-angleRead MoreFilm Analysis Of 12 Angry Men1946 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION: 12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notableRead More12 Angry Men: Analysis of the Film Essays3916 Words   |  16 PagesAnalysis of The film 12 Angry Men Jason Lovett MBA 611 Richard Devos School of Business Management Northwood University Executive Summary The Movie Twelve Angry Men is the ultimate example of a group of people forced to interact in order to reach a single, defined goal. The jury, which consists of 12 men, must deliberate until a unanimous decision is reached. In this specific example, which takes place in a New York courthouse, the decision holds the life of an 18 year old in the balanceRead MoreFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men Essay789 Words   |  4 Pagessure that a person is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, before sending a person to death. While watching the movie, 12 Angry Men, what seemed to be an open-and-shut guilty verdict for the jury, instead took a viewer through numerous ethical dilemmas, specifically dealing with prejudice, capital punishment, integrity, anger and hostility resulting in reasonable doubt. Overview of Film A young man who is 18-years is on trial for the first-degree murder of his father, who the prosecution is tryingRead MoreGroup Communication In 12 Angry Men935 Words   |  4 Pages12 Angry Men: Group Analysis Paper In 1957, the producers H. Fonda, G. Justin and R. Rose collaborated with the director S. Lumet to create the film, 12 Angry Men. In this paper, I will provide an analysis of the small group communication displayed by the main characters in the motion picture. I will discuss group communications, group development, group membership, group diversity, and group leadership. These topics will be dissected in order to properly examine the characters’ behavior. TheRead MoreGroup Decision-Making, Leadership, Influence and Power: Illustrations from the Film â€Å"12 Angry Men†1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe film â€Å"12 Angry Men (1957)† present a diverse group of twelve American jurors brought together to decide the guilt or innocence of a teenaged defendant in a seemingly open-and-shut murder trial case. The film illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of group decision-making, group developmental stages, leadership personality and models, social influence tactics and outcomes, and the bases of social power. The following advantages of group decision-making were demonstrated in this approximatelyRead More12 Angry Men Analysis909 Words   |  4 PagesMatter of Perspective: Heads or Tails The 1957 film 12 Angry Men is based around a group of twelve jurors as they decide the fate of a boy accused of murdering his father. From the very beginning the group is divided between those that think he is guilty, and those that don’t know. Every juror has their own opinion and reasoning behind their position, but there are two men that seem to become the backbones of their respective arguments. For the majority voting guilty, Juror #3 is the the criticalRead More12 Angry Men - Analysis3445 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction 12 Angry Men (1957) is one of the most acclaimed feature films of all time. It was produced at a time when the United States was just twelve years out of World War II and â€Å"Leave It To Beaver† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† broadcast across television airwaves the perfection, conformity and affluence of American life that had been generated by the Great War. Additionally, this film was listed on the university syllabus as one of three films to see in regard to this course, Management 610 – Contexts

Busy Parents The Real Cause Childhood Obesity - 1201 Words

In the article â€Å"Busy Parents: The Real Cause of Childhood Obesity,† the author points out the fact the as childhood obesity has tripled over the past thirty years we continue to blame the packaged food industry or what is called a sedentary lifestyle; a lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity. Author, Suzanne Venker states that those points do matter but it wouldn’t matter as much if parents were home to have a certain control on their children’s lives. The author came to the conclusion that once more and more mothers began to leave home and enter the workforce it took a big impact on the children’s eating habits. Even the first lady, Michelle Obama admits to this conclusion as she evolves her â€Å"Let’s Move Campaign.† In the next article â€Å"Childhood Obesity: Do Parents Have the Right to Point Finger?† author, Isabella Gonzalez focusing on the view that obesity can be simply caused by the influence on the people who are around them the most; the parents and also simply depression, loss of elf-esteem, and anxiety. With these points it shows that this epidemic can not only be caused by what the community meaning the lack of physical education within the school systems or even how much cheaper fast food is. This author goes on explaining hw fast food companies have nutrition labeling and the point where an individual is out of hand is when ne intakes too much of it. â€Å"These companies do not have a knife to our throats forcing us to eat their food, it is up to the consumer†Show MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Essay examples1472 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica childhood obesity was rarely a topic of conversation. A survey done in the early 1970s showed that 6.1% of children between the ages 12 and 19 were overweight. Eight years later the same survey was done and 17.4% were considered overweight (Iannelli). â€Å"Childhood obesity epidemic in America is now a confirmed fact since the number of overweight or obese children has more than tripled during the last 30 years† (Childhood Obesity Epidemic). â€Å"Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in childrenRead MoreObesity Is A Major Problem1234 Words   |  5 Pagesfour decades, the rate of obesity in America has been on the increasing end; two out of three Americans are either obese or overweight. The obesity epidemic has become a major problem in the United States which caused many serious effects on individual and society. It is an indiscriminate problem that negatively affect everyone from adults to children; which is a significant threat to the health of humanity that needs to be eliminated. First, we need to know what obesity is. According to OxfordRead MoreParents, Schools, and Society Must Fight Childhood Obesity Essay examples1183 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past 30 years† (Adolescent and School Health), this is according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control. Obesity has become a national epidemic. This problem is not exclusive to the United States. The obesity rate has been rising all over the world. Many are confused by what it means to be obese. Obesity is having an excessive amount of body fat or a high BMI, body mass index, not just being overweight. The real concern here is the young ageRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic1036 Words   |  5 PagesRainsu Kumbhani All About Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is an epidemic in U.S. In the year of 2012, about â€Å"one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.† Also, percentages of childhood obesity have increased by over ten percent in the last thirty years in children and adolescents (Childhood Obesity Facts 2015). These statistics are shocking, and many people are concerned for the health of their children. This medical condition, as defined by Mayo Clinic, leads to seriousRead MoreEating Food At The End Of A Day974 Words   |  4 Pagesneed to eat their salad first for example. I am a mother of three, with a full time job, assist school full time as well, this on top of other responsibilities that come with having a family, so I know how hard this can be and empathize with all the parents that decide to eat out most nights, because sometimes when I am tired I wish I could afford doing that. However, when we opt on not cooking for the day, and we buy our children’s meals at fast food p laces, are we making healthy decisions for themRead MoreChild Diabetes Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s world, parents have an abundance of worries when it comes to their children. Drugs, bad grades, and pre marital sex are just some things that may plague a parent with sleepless nights. But even on the worst of those nights of worry, most parents can’t imagine that their child could face an illness. Not just a runny nose or seasonal flu, but an illness that would affect their child throughout his or her entire life. Diabetes is a disease without a cure, and one that more, and more childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children And Adolescents1449 Words   |  6 PagesBushman s research has been found that when we view violent programming we store in memory, a perceptual and cognitive representation of the event. This means we can draw it up in our thoughts and also visually. His studies show that when put in a real situation that is similar to the memory we have stored, that memory is activated and the memory script becomes available to use. This especially fits with 8-year-old boys who show signs of aggression at a later age with the memories pulled up and activatedRead MoreObesity Statistics And Rankings : Obesity1442 Words   |  6 PagesObesity Statistics and Rankings The first national survey conducted in United States was in 1963. Many of the studies have suggested that child obesity epidemic is recent and unexpected. Over the last three decades, obesity rates have tripled in the U.S. One out of six children is obese and a one out of three child is overweight. The United States is ranked number one in the world. There has been some control and steadiness in the child obesity rates since 2008, but there are someRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children And Adolescents1446 Words   |  6 PagesBushman s research has been found that when we view violent programming, we store in memory, a perceptual and cognitive representation of the event. This means we can draw it up in our thoughts and also visually. His studies show that when put in a real situation that is similar to the memory we have stored, that memory is activated and the memory script becomes available to use. This is especially fitting with 8-year-old boys who show sig ns of aggression at a later age with the memories pulled upRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children And Adolescents1446 Words   |  6 PagesBushman s research has been found that when we view violent programming, we store in memory, a perceptual and cognitive representation of the event. This means we can draw it up in our thoughts and also visually. His studies show that when put in a real situation that is similar to the memory we have stored, that memory is activated and the memory script becomes available to use. This is especially fitting with 8-year-old boys who show signs of aggression at a later age with the memories pulled up

Direct Act 3 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet from Enter Mother (Lady Capulet below) to the end of the scene Essay Example For Students

Direct Act 3 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet from Enter Mother (Lady Capulet below) to the end of the scene Essay Before the stage is set for Act 3 Scene 5, we watch as Romeo has shot Tybalt in his anger over Mercutios death. In this time of rage where the lights would be dim and red, the nurse sees him and allows him over at the Capulets for one night as it is his and Juliets honeymoon. Of course, he has to leave as it turns morning because he has been banished from Verona to Mantua. And so after Romeo meets with Friar Lawrence, he rushes off to Juliets bedroom. As it turns to the morning, Juliet and Romeo talk about the nightingale and the lark. The nightingale represents the night and the lark represents the day, just as the dark is bad and the light is good. In this case, however, the night is good and the day is bad, which shows a contrast to how it is normally shown. Night is represented as a good thing for Romeo and Juliet as he can stay for longer without anyone knowing that hes there, but as hes been banished, the day is represented as a bad thing. This is because he needs to be out of Verona as soon as the light shines, or else hell be in even more trouble than already. As Romeo leaves Juliets bedroom, Juliet lays still on her bed crying softly. The Nurse is sat on the side of Juliets bed, gently rubbing her shoulder to try and comfort. This shows that the Nurse and Juliet are close to each other and shows that the Nurse is more like a mother figure to her. As Juliet carries on crying on the bed, footsteps can be heard as Lady Capulet walks towards her room. She shouts Ho, daughter, are you up? This probably shows that she doesnt really visit Juliet in her bedroom in the morning, and so its quite unusual. We can see that it is evidently unusual as Juliet replies by asking herself whos calling, and also asks What unaccustomed cause procures her hither? This could also mean that Lady Capulet and Juliet are not close, which gives away Lady Capulet not being a mother figure to her own daughter. Lady Capulet enters the bedroom, crowded with a large, flat screen HD television, surrounded with jewellery hanging down from diamond and mirror holders. Around the rest of the room, sort of parading the huge double bed, are a number of tops and dresses, with numerous other clothing scattered all around, hanging out of the drawers and dragged away from the coat hangers in the towering wardrobes. Next to the designer wardrobe filled with Gucci and Chanel, there is a cupboard, burst open with the amount of high-heeled glamorous shoes in different colours. Its almost as if a rainbow is scattering itself around the fluffy ink carpet that swallows their feet. Capturing the attention of the glamorous room to herself, Lady Capulet floats slowly into the room. She is dressed in a loud and eccentric nightgown, flawlessly showing off colours like purple and gold. This shows her rich status, and shows how important she is to wear such bright clothes. As its the morning, her hair isnt perfect, but it still drapes gently around her neck, with blonde sparkles here and there. Her gown open to show her glistening purple dress, Lady Capulet loudly strides over to Juliets dressing mirror, psychotically followed by maids of all sizes. She turns towards Juliet, who is lying in a foetal position to show the irony of being a child, even though shes just had her honeymoon. She notices that her eyes are filled with tears and questions her, Why how now Juliet? This shows that she is actually quite caring towards her, and shows that she is her mother even though she may not show it much. She asks after Juliets reply, Evermore weeping for your cousins death? Lady Capulet asks this, which suggests a feeling of dramatic irony. This is because she thinks that Juliet is crying over her cousin Tybalts death, however she is actually crying over Romeo leaving to Mantua. As Lady Capulet does not realise Juliets anguish over Romeo leaving, she begins to talk about how crying over the loss of someone too much leads to some want of wit and only some grief shows much love. She also follows this with her hatred of Romeo, which is shown by her calling him a villain, clearly stated in the line That same villain Romeo. Dramatic speeches EssayHis clothes consist of a very purple coat that is rimmed with shining gold and a pair of very pressed black trousers. These show that he is smart, wealthy and organised. He is wearing a lot of jewellery around his neck, and around his arms, with a very stylish watch. This will show his wealth as well. He will constantly stand up and talk very loudly to show his status within the room, whereas everybody else will be either small or will sit down on the bed or a chair. When he enters he will automatically come to Juliets side and put his arm around her gently to show his compassion and comforting towards her. It shows a contrast between the father and the daughter, and between the young and the old. Juliets personality in this scene shines through very much. Throughout the whole play she is shown as an innocent teenage girl, going through her life like any other. However, in this scene she is shown as devious, defiant, rebellious, disrespectful and also headstrong. She is shown as disrespectful as shes disobeying her parents, doing things behind their backs and doing things that is strictly forbidden when it comes to them. Although shes shown as rebellious, she liked Romeo before she found out that he was a Montigue, which shows that shes not actually trying to be, but she is. During this scene Capulet becomes angry, and it shows in a few lines. His threatening tone towards Juliet is shown by the lines My fingers itch and soft take me with you wife. The soft tone in his voice, which he uses to comfort her, is replaced with selfishness and the feeling of flabbergasteredness. His flabbergasteredness is shown when he asks Lady Capulet How will she none? He later imitates Juliets voice to insult her. His voice rises to a whiny, high pitched stupid little girls voice, which shows that he only thinks of her as a little girl at the time being. As Capulet being even angrier, growling softly with his voice, Juliet tries to manipulate him by kneeling down and begging to him. She seems weak on the outside but on the inside she is scheming a plan and also manipulative to try and get her own way with things. After Capulet leaves the room, restraining from hitting Juliet but frustrated with how angry he is, the lights on stage go dim and red. This is to represent the anger, but to show that as hes left its not really there as much. Juliet seeks help in what to do from the Nurse, but she walks away as she cant help. She knows that Romeo killed Tybalt and so she doesnt want to help as revenge.

I Couldnt Read free essay sample

I couldn’t read or write in the seventh grade. Sharp, jagged lines shaped into words that looked foreign to me. I sat at my desk staring at the blank piece of paper, hearing the teacher spit out unfamiliar words. As she paced back and forth through the rows of desks I saw light bulbs turning on and off above my classmates’ heads, but mine remained unlit. I was embarrassed. I could feel the heat rising to my face as she looked down at blank paper, glaring at me with unforgiving shiny black eyes. After class she scolded me. I was the youngest in my class at a mere eleven years old, my peers were between seventeen and twenty-eight, and I was the only American in the whole school. I felt alone and scared living in a dorm room with a twenty year old girl from South Korea who couldn’t speak English. We will write a custom essay sample on I Couldnt Read or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had to adapt to my new life. I sat down at my desk looking at the thick workbooks we were given to do for homework every night. Although I could fluently speak Mandarin, I could not read or write in the language, even if my life depended on it. I felt like I was in preschool again, connecting the dots to make a letter, or in this case, a single character. I practiced drawing character strokes and saying the word out loud. The teacher’s words stung like rubbing alcohol being pressed into a cut, â€Å"You cannot read or write in Mandarin? You’re a disgrace to your culture!† rung in my ears. When growing up with a Chinese mother and a Caucasian father, I was always torn between two cultures. Although, being able to learn how to speak fluently in Mandarin wasn’t my first choice, I’ll never regret it because the seventh grade when I couldn’t read or write was actually the best year of my life. I closed my eyes and see the characters drift from my imagination and slowly flow down my arm, into my hand and finally tickle the tips of my finger tips. My eyes still closed, I began to start with the first stroke, then the second†¦ after finishing a character I would let the word roll off of my tongue, bringing the character to life. I continued to close my eyes and practice writing fifteen characters a day. I would study for hours. I was so determined to show my teacher how wrong she was. I was confident in myself. My teacher stood from her desk and began to spew out words I memorized for hours. I closed my eyes and saw the image of the character illuminate against the black background. My hand began to work seamlessly as I lightly pressed my fountain pen onto the thin loose leaf paper. Before I knew it, all twenty words were written down, as I handed her my test, she smiled. At the end of class she pulled me to the side before I went up to my dorm, on the paper was written in red ink, â€Å"100%†. In the three weeks that I had learned how to read and write in Mandarin, I realized my strengths and my weaknesses. I’ll never regret the year I couldn’t read or write in the seventh grade.

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay Example For Students

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazis in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazis found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-four languages. Basically there have been a lot of reviews on this literary work. Many people have had a great deal of criticism over the Diary of Anne Frank. From great authors to simple students, all have had their own perspective and view on this everlasting and most memorable book. We will write a custom essay on The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This truly shows how the Diary of Anne Frank is one of the most widely read books in the world. Anne Franks diary was probably the first work that people actually got too see what the Holocaust was all about. Certainly it must be the best book for the subject. The diary brings together her childhood and then only known surviving footage of Anne Frank. This is a great way to describe a portrait of Annes life, character flaws, and everything else. In order to enjoy this piece of literary work, you must first learn the importance on Jewish culture. This work is like no other of any Holocaust books. This is actually a way to experience the painful experience the Jewish people had to endure during this awful and evil period of time. This story takes us into the eyes of Anne Frank. The Holocaust in literally brought to life. This literary work truly shows how Anne Frank was a martyr of racism and an insightful chronicler of her time period and place. The work also shows the typical adolescence of Anne Frank and her constant arguments with her mother in particular. It also deals with the day to day hiding she and her family went through. The only problem with the book is that the fact that Anne Frank rewrote her diary about two months before she was captured because she wanted her journal to be published after the war and she wanted to peruse a career in journalism. Therefore it is hard to tell what existed in her original copy and how much did she add afterwards. This tells us that we will never know how much knowledge Anne Frank possessed. It is not the information that should be questioned, but the chronology. Anne Franks diary is an invaluable historical account. The book shows no detail on what was re-written, maybe because the information is not available. The answer to the question of whether or not Anne Franks Diary is a reasonable assessment is no because certain excerpts were taken beforehand.Review By Carrie Gorringe,Review. She meant to say that the Diary of Anne Frank was a good way to experience the Holocaust but at the same time there is a lot of missing information. She is trying to say that there must be critical facts that are not shown in the book due to that fact that it was rewritten shortly before her death and the fact that it was translated into different languages. She reviews it as a great source of actually living the Holocaust through the eyes of Anne Frank but also to be in tuned that perhaps a lot of information is simply just not there. This critic tried to say that without the missing evidence, there is a lot of knowledge we are missing. She explains how without this knowledge one cannot truly see everything the young girl, Anne Frank, saw throughout this dreadful time of the Holocaust. The reviewer tells us that there are too many missing links which the editors of the diary are maybe trying to hide or maybe everything just simply never found. .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .postImageUrl , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:visited , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:active { border:0!important; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:active , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Ski Boots - A Learning Experience Essay The saddest part in the Diary of Anne Frank is the part where the book talks about how Anne Frank talked to her friend Hanneli Goslar across a barb-wired barrier at the Bergen Belsen concentration camp shortly before her death. This book achieves much of its greatness through the specific details it brings out. In my opinion she re-wrote her diary with posterity in her mind. The literary work follows with the familys destruction. The diary is seen as dreadful. The works most forceful source was the testament of the power of understandment.-Stephen Holden, review. This critic was trying to give a lot of recognition to . The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay Example For Students The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazis in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazis found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-four languages. Basically there have been a lot of reviews on this literary work. Many people have had a great deal of criticism over the Diary of Anne Frank. From great authors to simple students, all have had their own perspective and view on this everlasting and most memorable book. We will write a custom essay on The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This truly shows how the Diary of Anne Frank is one of the most widely read books in the world. Anne Franks diary was probably the first work that people actually got too see what the Holocaust was all about. Certainly it must be the best book for the subject. The diary brings together her childhood and then only known surviving footage of Anne Frank. This is a great way to describe a portrait of Annes life, character flaws, and everything else. In order to enjoy this piece of literary work, you must first learn the importance on Jewish culture. This work is like no other of any Holocaust books. This is actually a way to experience the painful experience the Jewish people had to endure during this awful and evil period of time. This story takes us into the eyes of Anne Frank. The Holocaust in literally brought to life. This literary work truly shows how Anne Frank was a martyr of racism and an insightful chronicler of her time period and place. The work also shows the typical adolescence of Anne Frank and her constant arguments with her mother in particular. It also deals with the day to day hiding she and her family went through. The only problem with the book is that the fact that Anne Frank rewrote her diary about two months before she was captured because she wanted her journal to be published after the war and she wanted to peruse a career in journalism. Therefore it is hard to tell what existed in her original copy and how much did she add afterwards. This tells us that we will never know how much knowledge Anne Frank possessed. It is not the information that should be questioned, but the chronology. Anne Franks diary is an invaluable historical account. The book shows no detail on what was re-written, maybe because the information is not available. The answer to the question of whether or not Anne Franks Diary is a reasonable assessment is no because certain excerpts were taken beforehand.Review By Carrie Gorringe,Review. She meant to say that the Diary of Anne Frank was a good way to experience the Holocaust but at the same time there is a lot of missing information. She is trying to say that there must be critical facts that are not shown in the book due to that fact that it was rewritten shortly before her death and the fact that it was translated into different languages. She reviews it as a great source of actually living the Holocaust through the eyes of Anne Frank but also to be in tuned that perhaps a lot of information is simply just not there. This critic tried to say that without the missing evidence, there is a lot of knowledge we are missing. She explains how without this knowledge one cannot truly see everything the young girl, Anne Frank, saw throughout this dreadful time of the Holocaust. The reviewer tells us that there are too many missing links which the editors of the diary are maybe trying to hide or maybe everything just simply never found. .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .postImageUrl , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:visited , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:active { border:0!important; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:active , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Greek Civilisation Essay The saddest part in the Diary of Anne Frank is the part where the book talks about how Anne Frank talked to her friend Hanneli Goslar across a barb-wired barrier at the Bergen Belsen concentration camp shortly before her death. This book achieves much of its greatness through the specific details it brings out. In my opinion she re-wrote her diary with posterity in her mind. The literary work follows with the familys destruction. The diary is seen as dreadful. The works most forceful source was the testament of the power of understandment.-Stephen Holden, review. This critic was trying to give a lot of recognition .

Sample Essay Questions From GED Exam

Sample Essay Questions From GED ExamSample essay questions from GED exam are quite helpful especially if you are just about to sit for the GED exam. While these sample essays are written by college students, their level of writing is appropriate for the GED exam. They are commonly prepared by tutors who have a lot of experience writing tests and essays.There are various parts of the GED test that is taken from each essay. Knowing how to prepare for these areas will make it easier for you to answer the sample essay questions from GED exam questions, thus making it more enjoyable.Sample essay questions from GED exam questions will begin with your name. The very first question will ask for your name. Because this section is the only one which is unrelated to your application of academic knowledge, most college students do not know their name before the testing date and they can't think of anything else to write.The next section will ask you to give a summary of the main points of your r esearch. Most applicants get it wrong because they are not aware of what the question actually asks. While writing a summary of your topic, make sure you write the questions in the same way as you did when you were writing your academic essay.As for the sample essay questions from GED exam, the first section will be asking you to present a problem to the reader. To do this, first, think of a problem you have encountered in your academic career. When writing, you need to create an argument about the problem and then get your readers to agree with your conclusion. While writing, avoid using jargon and long sentences so that your readers can understand what you're trying to say.Another part of the essay questions from GED exam that is usually asked is the statement 'I don't know'. In this section, there is a solution to the problem but if you cannot provide it, your student performance will be penalized.One of the topics which will be frequently used in the sample essay questions from GED exam is the GRE vocabulary. The GRE test has several vocabulary tests and you need to ensure that you prepare for them. It is essential to ace the tests and writing sample essays will help you master the vocabulary of the GRE test.The test essay from GED is one of the toughest sections for students. Your academic skills will be tested by writing a difficult paper which will need to be written competently. For this reason, you should take full advantage of the opportunity of writing sample essays and study them well before the test date.

Seven Dimensions of Culture Essay Example

Seven Dimensions of Culture Essay Example Seven Dimensions of Culture Essay Seven Dimensions of Culture Essay In 1998, management consultants Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner published their â€Å"Seven Dimensions of Culture† model to help explain national cultural differences in organisations and to show how managing these differences in a heterogeneous business environment is a major challenge for international managers. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner gathered data over ten years using a method that relied on giving respondents dilemmas or contrasting tendencies. Each dilemma consisted of two alternatives that were interpreted as indicators for basic attitudes and values. The questionnaire was sent to over 15,000 managers in 28 countries. At least 500 usable responses per country were received, enabling the two authors to make substantiated distinctions between national cultures. The two consultants distinguished seven connected processes formulated as dilemmas. A culture distinguishes itself from others by ‘preferring’ one side of a dilemma’s continuum. The seven, universal dimensions of cultures are: 1. UNIVERSALISM versus PLURALISM â€Å"What is more important – rules or relationships? † The degree of importance a culture assigns to either the law or to personal relationships. In a universalistic culture, people share the belief that general rules, codes, values and standards take precedence over the needs and claims of friends and other relationships. In a pluralistic culture, people see culture in terms of human friendship and intimate relationships. While rules do exist in a pluralistic culture, they merely codify how people relate to one another. 2. INDIVIDUALISM versus COMMUNITARISNISM â€Å"Do we function as a group or as individuals? † The degree to which people see themselves function more as a community or more as individuals. In a principally individualistic culture, people place the individual before the community. This means that individual happiness, fulfilment and welfare prevails and people take their own initiative and take care of themselves. In a principally communitarian culture, people place the community before the individual. Thus, it is the responsibility of the individual to act in ways which serve society. In doing so, individual needs are automatically attended. 3. SPECIFIC versus DIFFUSE â€Å"How far to we get involved? † The degree to which responsibility is specifically assigned or is diffusely accepted. In a specific culture, people first analyse the elements individually and then put them together, the whole is the sum of its parts. People’s lives are divided accordingly and, only a single component can be entered at a time. Interactions between people are very well-defined. Specific individuals concentrate on hard facts, standards and contracts. A diffusely oriented culture starts with the whole and sees individual elements from the perspective of the total. All elements are related to one another. Relationships between elements are more important than individual elements. 4. AFFECTIVITY versus NEUTRALITY Do we display our emotions? † The degree to which individuals display their emotions. In an affective culture, people display their emotions and it is not deemed necessary to hide feelings. However, in a neutral culture, people are taught not to display their feelings overtly. The degree to which feelings become manifested is therefore minimal. While emotions are fel t, they are controlled. 5. INNER DIRECTED versus OUTER DIRECTED â€Å"Do we control our environment or work with it? † The degree to which individuals believe the environment can be controlled versus believing that the environment controls them. In an inner-directed culture, people have a mechanistic view of nature; nature is complex but can be controlled with the right expertise. People believe that humans can dominate nature, if they make the effort. In an outer-directed culture, people have an organic view of nature. Mankind is viewed as one of nature’s forces and should therefore live in harmony with the environment. People therefore adapt themselves to external circumstances. 6. ACHIEVED STATUS versus ASCRIBED STATUS â€Å"Do we have to prove ourselves to receive status or is it given to us? The degree to which individuals must prove themselves to receive status versus status simply given to them. In a culture with achieved status, people derive their status from what they have accomplished. Achieved status must be proven time and time again and status will be given accordingly. In a culture with ascribed status, people derive their status from birth, age, gender or wealth. Here status is not based on achievemen t but it is accorded on the basis of the person’s being. 7. SEQUENTIAL TIME versus SYNCHRONIC TIME â€Å"Do we do things one at a time or several things at once? The degree to which individuals do things one at a time versus several things at once. Cultures developed their own response to time. Time orientation has two aspects: the relative importance cultures assign to the past, present and future, and their approach to structuring time. In a sequential culture, people structure time sequentially and do things one at a time. In a synchronic time culture, people do several things at once, believing time is flexible and intangible. Past-oriented cultures A culture that is oriented towards the past views the future as a repetition of previous events and experiences. Characteristics include: respect for ancestors and collective historical events. Present-oriented cultures A culture primarily directed to the present does not attach great value to the past or future. Instead, individuals are directed by the daily demands of every day life. Future-oriented cultures A culture concentrated on future prospects and does not deem the past as significant for future events. Planning is a major activity among individuals in this culture. The seven dilemmas help managers better understand the ‘other side’ e. g. when trying to make trans-national projects or mergers work. Better understanding reduces the number of cultural driven misunderstandings and conflicts thereby reducing coordination costs. The model helps marketers understand how consumers in different countries behave differently towards the same product. pros: Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner provided a tool to explain how national culture differs and how culture can be measured. Their research showed that cultural differences matter and that reconciling cultural differences can lead to competitive advantage to companies in consolidating / globalising industries. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s model gives employees who deal with cross-cultural relations a tool/context to better understand value sets and behaviours. Trompenaars’ research shows that the way business is conducted in one part of the world is different from the way it is done in another. Culture is an important aspect in doing international business. For example, Office Depot has learned that Japanese customers do not like to buy their supplies in large, well-stocked stores that offer discount prices. Japanese prefer stores where service is personal and are willing to pay higher prices for this. cons: The model fails to recognise the influence of personal characteristics on behaviour. The model distinguishes the differences between cultures, but does not provide recommendations on how to work with specific cultures. Additional dilemmas may be added to the seven original dimensions of culture. No assurance can be given that this list is complete. Trompenaars and others such as Hofstede emphasised that companies should acknowledge the differences between the cultures in which they operate. However, other authors including Ohmae (Borderless World) and Levitt (Globalisation of Markets) argue that national borders are diminishing and that the world should be seen as a whole and not made up of different countries with different cultures. Professor Trompenaars has studied how people in specific countries resolve dilemmas. After analyzing problem resolution behaviors, Dr. Trompenaars has identified 7 basic dimensions for culture. International trade consultants and lawyers consider these cultural dimensions when designing sales strategies where buyers and sellers originate from different cultures. This is particularly true for emerging markets unaccustomed to dealing with businesspersons from so-called more developed countries. Below is a brief summary of the seven cultural dimensions. Achievement vs. Ascription In an achievement culture, people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions. High achievers are given status in achievement-oriented countries including Austria, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Achievers must continue to prove their worth, as status is accorded based on their actions. In an ascription culture, status is attributed based on who or what a person is. This is based on age, gender and social connections. Individualism vs. Communitarianism People make their own decisions and achieve success alone in highly individualistic countries including Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and France. Emphasis is on personal responsibility and decision-making, and negotiations are made on the spot. Communitarianism is a culture like Japan that places the community before the individual. Success is achieved in groups, decisions are referred to committees and groups jointly assume responsibilities. Internal vs. External In an internalistic culture like the United States, people believe that what happens to them is their own doing. Many Asian countries have an external culture in which the environment shapes their destiny. Because they don’t believe they are in full control of their destinies, often externalistic people adapt to external circumstances. Neutral vs. Emotional In neutral cultures like Japan and the United Kingdom, emotions are held in check. People don’t show their feelings. In an emotional culture, feelings are expressed naturally and openly. People smile a great deal, talk loudly when excited and greet each other with enthusiasm. Mexico, Netherlands and Switzerland are high-emotion countries. Specific vs. Diffuse In what is called a specific culture, individuals are open to sharing a large public space with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only friends and associates. Specific cultures like Austria, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States show a strong separation between work and private life. Invitations to public spaces are common. A diffuse culture features similarly sized public and private spaces. Like most introverts, diffuse culture people guard both spaces carefully, because entry into public space also affords entry into private space. China, Spain and Venezuela are examples of diffuse cultures where work and private life are closely linked but intensely protected. Time Orientation In sequential cultures like the United States, people tend to do one activity at a time. Appointments are strictly kept, with a strong preference for following plans. In synchronous cultures like France and Mexico, people usually do more than one activity at a time. Appointments are approximate, subject to change at any moment. Universalism vs. Particularism Universalistic countries focus more on formal rules than relationships. Nations characterized by high universalism believe that their ideas and practices can be applied worldwide without modification. Australia, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom are universalistic countries. America is also highly universalistic, which explains why U. S. multinationals repeatedly ignore relationships in a foreign culture. For example, Starbucks unsuccessfully launched its coffee shop in China’s Forbidden City while Germans rejected Wal-Mart’s standard big box stores. Particularistic countries place more emphasis on relationships than rules. Countries that practise high particularism include China, Indonesia and Venezuela. Particularistic peoples believe that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices are applied. Therefore, ideas and practices cannot be applied the same everywhere. References This article presents independent insights based on research from International Management, Culture, Strategy and Behavior (6th edition, Hodgetts-Luthans-DOH) and Trompenaars’s Seven Dimensions of Culture.