Assesment Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assesment Paper - Assignment Example As a result, I am rigid of character and prefer dealing with details and facts. Because of my evaluative character, I prefer being logical on things and aim at achieving the best from things. The knowledgeable character that I have leads me towards preferring ideas that are challenging and require me to go deeper into things. As a result, I have an objective feature that enables me to look at the optimistic side of things. From my social character, I have a long chain of friends who have further enabled in the development of my character. The sociable character has enabled me to deal with a wide majority of individuals, which has come in handy with features that are more sociable. Such features include developing new relationships with others. Such has allowed me a chance to lead a more interactive people. With such characters, being with people brings me all the joy. The need to uphold my ideologies has depicted that I have a concrete and literal feature. The concrete nature enables me to hold onto my ideas, while preventing control by other people. As such, I prefer to make decisions based on my feelings as opposed to logic. I am more secure following my conscience as opposed to group proposals. Following the program, I was able to realize that I may be holding a leadership position in the next five years. A number of leadership skills will enable the performance in this capacity. The main leadership strengths include the ability to influence others. During the evaluation program, I realized that I have great skills in communicating ideas to other people. My well-enhanced communication skills, bolstered by interactive characters, will enable me in working in a leadership capacity in the future. Moreover, my goal-oriented character would ensure a sense of direction in managing others as a leader. I will be able to ensure the interaction between people and the ensuing pooling of efforts to achieve a common set of

International finance manager Essay Example for Free

International finance manager Essay Bob Swan is the International Finance Officer to eBay Inc. He is also the senior vice president to the company. He is responsible for eBay’s finance function including controllership, tax, treasury, financial planning and analysis, audit, mergers and acquisitions, and investors relations. He has worked for Electronic Data Systems Corporation (EDS) as an executive vice president. He has also served as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and executive vice president at TRW, Inc. , held an executive-level position at Webvan Group, Inc. His career started with General Electric in 1985 where he spent 15 years while serving at different positions such as corporate audit staff and CFO at GE Medical Systems-Europe and GE transportation Systems. Bob holds a bachelor of science in business administration from State University of New York at Buffalo. He also has a master of Business Administration from SUNY Binghamton. (eBayExecutiveTeam 2010). Risks management eBay as an online marketplace faces a number of risks. It list millions of items across thousands of diverse categories, including antiques, books, toys, sports, computers, photography and electronics and others. It has to manage operational risks and regulatory and legal issues. The company focuses on building trust and safety for trade to its customers. This is ensured through rules and policies, trust building programmes, various educational resources which help in maintaining general marketplace security and prevent fraud. The company also works with law enforcers and government agencies in the world so as to enforce its policies. Its trading policies are rooted in the values of the eBay market place. It seeks to encourage open, honest, and accountable transactions. It also seeks for feedback from the customers so as to ensure good services. The company also has an eBay safety Center to ensure buying and selling safety. (About eBay 2010; Philippe 2009).

Music Copyright Infringement Essay -- Napster Laws Essays

Music Copyright Infringement MP3 is an audio format that allows users to compress and send music files easily over the Internet. The major problem with this music sharing is that most of the files are pirated, which has caused a stir in the music industry. Music companies and music artists have been complaining about how their music is being stolen and therefore lowering their album sales. The major blame has been put on Napster and other file sharing software available on the Internet. Napster was a music sharing software that was shut down because of copying and distributing unauthorized MP3 files that violated the United States and foreign copyright laws. One of the major reasons why Napster was shutdown is because of Lars Ulrich, the drummer for the band Metallica. Lars Ulrich complained about Napster and how his music was being shared illegally on the Internet. To stop this Lars filed a complaint against Napster and then personally presented Napster with the names of thousands of Napster users who have allegedly been trading the band’s songs online without permission. This created a major problem for Napster as this was brought up to the United States Supreme Court. Napster argued in court that music is for sharing and all that Napster does is give people the opportunity to talk about what music they like what music they want to trade. The RIAA argued that sharing files over the Internet is illegal because the files are stolen and not copyrigh ted. Evidently Napster lost the court battle and therefore was forced to shutdown causing millions of users to find another way to share music files over the Internet. Shutting down of Napster caused a major race for who would be the next major softwa... ...iles. In the end music industries fear that people will inevitably stop buying CD’s causing the industry to be out of business. It is trying to do all that it can to keep the music industry going strong by going to courts and filing lawsuits against piracy. But as technology improves and more and more people are learning how to download and burn their own CD’s, this fight against piracy will almost be impossible. The decrease in sale has been very noticeable and it will only continue to fall. It seems like the only way to stop illegal file sharing is to shut down the internet. But the chances of that happening are not good therefore the music industry has their work cut out for them. Click Here For Some Links: http://newsfactor.com/perl/story/4704.html http://news.com.com/2100-1023-252862.html?legacy=cnet http://www.napstermp3.com/news.htm

Death Penalty :: essays research papers

One of the most controversial debates that rages constantly in this country is the argument over whether capital punishment should be outlawed. There are two basics arguments within the debate over capital punishment: First is the question of whether capital punishment is moral, or more simply put, whether it is right. And second is the question of whether capital punishment is constitutional. Although the death penalty has come far into the forefront recently, the constitutionality of the death penalty is not a new question. The death penalty has never been outlawed nationally per se, but for a period in the mid 1970's the Supreme Court changed the rules about capital punishment so that it was nearly impossible for a state to put a prisoner to death under any circumstances. The problems that death penalty opponents have with capital punishment can be found in the Bill of Rights, or more specifically, the fifth and eight amendments. The fifth amendment gives every citizen of the United States the right to "due process of law", meaning full access to courts and proper representation, etc. Many believe that a great number of inmates on death row have not been given due process, and that no one should be put to death if they have not been given their right to it. The eighth amendment bars the government from doling out any "cruel or unusual punishment" to its prisoners. Although it is certainly debatable whether execution is cruel and/or unusual, many believe that it is, and therefore is a violation of the eighth amendment. There are many facets to this argument, and even an updated Supreme Court ruling is unlikely to quell the debate. There is also another very contentious point in the debate over capital punishment. Obviously, the penalty of death is the most final punishment possible. Many death penalty opponents say that the capital punishment should never be used in a case where the jury or judge is not 100% sure of guilt. They say that, because it is impossible to ever be 100% sure about anything, the death penalty should not be used when someone might be innocent.

Leadership and Steve Jobs

I would like to start out by saying what leadership means to me personally. According to what I learned while I was in the marines being a leader means that you have to be strong and not just on a physical level but on a mental one as well. I have seen leaders make some very tough decisions and sometimes they do have to make the tough decisions even if it is not the most popular one. In the marines leadership also meant having the task to discipline others as well as being disciplined yourself. One had to be tough so that they can show others how to be the same and survive in difficult situations that life may bring your way.I found an interesting approach to leadership in ebscohost under the article Leaders teaching Leaders written by authors Buck, Marty and Martin, Mary. This article talks about a leadership program at Medtronic Inc. that encourages leaders of the company to do a great amount of self-reflection. A direct quote from Lonny Stormo the Vice President of Medtronic Inc. states â€Å"I wanted an opportunity for my leadership team to spend time on their own development,† explains Lonny Stormo, vice president for Pre-Market Quality.â€Å"In our busy day-to-day work, we don't give our leaders enough time to reflect and identify the areas of development they think are vital for their leadership development. By carving out time †¦ you drive commitment to the process. † I believe this approach gives the leaders of that company the confidence to make intelligent decisions and the employees of the company confidence in the leaders of the company to make the right decisions. The self-identification competencies concept from the article was very intriguing to me as it mainly gives one a chance to look at the great skills they have and how the skills were learned.In my opinion this is a good concept to not only develop leadership abilities but to focus on how each individual can use their strengths to be the best leader that they can be. I h ave learned from another article in ebscohost titled Coaching written by Elowitt, Andrew that leadership can encompass many different areas. For instance, this article talks about lawyers and what is expected of them regarding management of many different cases. Lawyers are expected to have knowledge and display competent leadership abilities in multiple areas include the latest laws when it comes to technology.Although most of the skills that they are expected to know about leadership are not taught in law school it is beneficial for the lawyer to improve on many skills to develop more knowledge and become the best lawyer that they can be. This approach gave me a new view on leadership by teaching me that I could be a good leader in any field as long as I kept an open mind and have a willingness to learn new things. Another important part of this concept is going beyond just knowing the subject but this article also suggest that developing good relationship skills is very crucial t o be a good leader.In my personal years of experience I have found that the best teamwork comes when each team member has a good relationship with each other and the leader of that team. There is a quote in Business News Daily that can be found at the link http://www. businessnewsdaily. com/2632-leadership-quotes. html that Bill Gates stated that says â€Å"As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who will empower others. † Another quote is â€Å"You cannot be a leader and ask others to follow you, unless you know how to follow too.† This was spoken by Sam Rayburn a former speaker of the house. These quotes mean a great deal to me when it comes to leadership. The first one by Bill Gates makes me think that in order to be a good leader that one must have a vision to see greatness and also be able to communicate that greatness to others so that they may become great as well. The second one by Sam Rayburn is one that I always lived by. It lets me know that I should lead by example and not to ask others to do what I am not willing to do myself.This method has made leaders credible and trustworthy or made them into false leaders that are basically company men. The leader I have chosen to talk about is Steve Jobs the late Apple CEO. The reason I have chosen him is because he was an important leader in my field of study which is network administration and he was an awesome leader for Apple and in the technology industry. I have discovered in Wikipedia that Steve Jobs was not only the cofounder of Apple but also Pixar Animation Studios and was viewed as a guru regarding the advancement of consumer electronics.In an article I read in ebscohost from Harvard Business Review there was a quote that was spoken about the leadership style of Steve Jobs by Gilberte Houbart director of Media Product Design that states â€Å"Steve Jobs was a role model of courage and discipline: courage to get through multiple failures and discipline to learn from them. He stayed focused and worked hard, even in the face of illness and death. † I would like to emulate his leadership abilities and this lets me know that I must have the courage to achieve even when obstacles stand in my way and that I can learn from failures.Also from what I read in ebscohost I learned that he was a very hard worker and focused individual and wanted the best from others. It has been said all over the media that Steve Jobs was very persuasive and charismatic when it came to dealing with employees. However, some of his employees described him as being erratic and temperamental and also somewhat of a bully. According to Wikipedia Jobs was a demanding perfectionist that wanted his business and products to be in the forefront of the technology industry.Steve Jobs may have been a little rough around the edges and difficult for some people to work with but I as well as many others have to admire his vision and determination to be the very best in the indust ry and sometimes hurting a few feelings along the way may be unavoidable. Steve Jobs will always be legendary for all that he has achieved for as long as there is information available for us to read. In conclusion I would like to restate what leadership means to me. According to all of my wonderful sources and personal experience I have learned that being a leader is a great deal more than just telling people what to do.Being a leader means to have a vision and being able to communicate it to other as well as developing a good relationship with them so that they will believe in your ability to lead. Steve Jobs may not have always been the most likeable person on the block but his persuasiveness and ability to project his vision was unparalleled. Being a good leader also means being a good follower. This is a concept that many leaders forget but is very fundamental in getting people to believe in one’s ability to be a good leader rather than the employee just viewing that per son as someone telling them what to do.There are also many times when the decision that the leader makes is not always the most popular one but if the person that is in leadership learns to evaluate their selves as I mentioned that I learned from a project that is going on in Medtronic Inc. they will learn to be confident in their decisions and evaluate that the right course of action is being made. I now know that to be an effective leader I will have a vision and pursue knowledge in spite of any obstacles that may come into my path to success. I will persevere and learn from my failures and learn to be persuasive hopefully in a manner similar to Steve Jobs.

The Portrayal of Women in the Odyssey Essays

The Portrayal of Women in the Odyssey Essays The Portrayal of Women in the Odyssey Paper The Portrayal of Women in the Odyssey Paper Essay Topic: The Odyssey Women play an important role in the epic, The Odyssey, written by Homer. Set in a period subsequent to the Trojan War, the accounts of Odysseus and his trials and tribulations feature four main types of women: the goddess, the seductress, the witch and the good wife. Each of these portrays the role of women in a different way, some in complete contrast to the actual civilization of the period. Ancient Greece was very much a patriarchal society. Men were regarded as of higher status than women, and were seen as the stronger gender. Sports were reserved purely for men, as were literature, politics and philosophy. Typically, a woman was judged, not by her own achievements, but by the wealth and status of her father or husband. A woman would be forced to be married at a young age, keep the house for her husband and have children. Usually, ancient Greek women were not educated, although in Athens, women were taught to read, at school or at home, simple facts on mythology, religion and occasionally musical instruments and as with most other places in ancient Greece, they learnt the basics of the household; spinning, weaving, sewing, cooking and other household jobs. The immortal goddesses contrast with the distinctive characteristics of an ancient Greek woman in the Odyssey. Athena, goddess of wisdom, for example, addresses the Gods, including her father, despite the traditions of status. By ignoring these traditions, Athena shows her strength and confidence. It seems she is outspoken, and is more a typical representation of a modern day woman than that of ancient Greece. Throughout the book, Athena shows considerable pity for Odysseus, despite the fact that men were supposedly the stronger gender: she used her persuasion to encourage the gods to reconsider their destiny for him, and set him free from Calypsos island, and she inspired thoughts for Odysseus when he is enduring the wrath of Poseidon on his journey to the island of the Phaeacians. At this point, Athena interrupts Odysseus negative thoughts of being colliding with rough rocks, to give him the idea of holding onto one of the rocks as the waves crashed against them. Not only does she stir notions within Odysseus, but Athena aids him more subtly by promoting thoughts in other people. For example, when Odysseus is washed up on Scherie, Athena appears in Nausicaas dream as one of her friends. She persuades her that she should go and wash her clothes in the river, which is where she first encounters Odysseus, and aids him in his ongoing quest by taking him to her parents for hospitality. The second of woman is the seductress. The Nymph Calypso saves Odysseus when he is washed upon the shore of her island, and keeps him as a sexual prisoner for 7 years, offering immortality in return for him staying with her. She is a perfect example of how women could be powerful against man, yet still be overruled. This is because when she keeps Odysseus captive on Ogygia, Odysseus has no power to do any different. However, it is Zeus final decision that he should be released from her island, and Hermes, messenger to the gods, who tells her. These are both men making her do something she doesnt want to, but she has to obey them, which is a reflection of the ancient Greek traditions. Additionally, Calypso is also seen as the model hostess, offering her guest ambrosia, nectar and clothes. She does this with ease and pleasure, as she even offers Hermes these things before asking why he had come to see her. She is seen to be immoral by sleeping with a married man, yet to simultaneously have good manners, portraying the complexity of women which wasnt recognised in ancient Greek society. Also a seductress, but concurrently a witch, Circe is firstly portrayed as deceitful and cunning. She lures Odysseus men into her house before turning them into pigs. Her trickery shows her to be independent and strong-minded, although she is then proven to be weaker than men when Odysseus arrives. Contrasted against his bravery in Book 10, Circe displays cowardice when confronted by Odysseus after he has eaten the drug of real virtue from Hermes to protect him from the witches black magic. Circe then tries to seduce Odysseus, but he abstains until he can secure an oath between himself and the witch. She, however, shows a complete disregard for men by turning them all into pigs, then putting her own desires before their freedom, and this shows that Circe also possesses completely contradictory characteristics from the ancient Greek women. On the other hand, when Odysseus demonstrates his power by pulling out his sword, Circe collapses to her knees and bursts into tears, proving that it is Odysseus who holds the authority at this point. Daughter of King Alcinous, Nausicaa, is presented as a mature person, as she is unmarried, therefore young, and yet she doesnt run away when she sees Odysseus naked by the river. She instructs her maids to give him clothes, and he responds to this by not hugging her knees and begging for help, like he first thought of doing. This shows that Nausicaa is well-respected. She also cares about her image as a virtuous woman, because when Odysseus travels to the palace with her, he has to walk behind her, so that people didnt think they were together. Also, when Nausicaa takes Odysseus to meet her parents so that he can receive help from them, she insists he meet her mother first as opposed to her father. This demonstrates her respect for her mother, and her understanding of the way in which the system should work, but the knowledge of how it actually does. Finally, the good hostess and wife are portrayed by Penelope. Even after 20 years, she has stayed loyal to Odysseus by stalling the suitors. This is also quite devious, as she leads them into thinking that once she finishes her weaving, shell marry one of them, except every night she undoes all that she achieved that day. This is the side of her which seems unlike that of the women of ancient Greece. However, parallel to the ancient Greek traditions of statuses between genders, Penelope is reprimanded by her own son. She is told to go to her room and stop making decisions because that was his concern as he was the man of t he house. Without any confrontation, she resigned as returned to her room. This shows that Penelope is contrasted with the other women portrayed in The Odyssey, because she is comparable to the ancient Greek society, whereas Athena, Calypso, Circe and Nausicaa are dissimilar. In conclusion, women in The Odysseus are mostly portrayed as strong-willed and open-minded people with their own thoughts and opinions. Although some are immortal, and supposedly free of human emotion, they feel loss, anger and fear, and can make love to mortal men. Their strength of character is displayed with their ability and willingness to differentiate from the periodic stereotypes of women, although in the end, they almost always surrender to the ancient Greek patriarchal culture. If these charcters were to be placed in the ancient Greek society, I think that they would be discarded from the civilization, except for Penelope who would integrate into the culture with her conceded attitude towards the men around her.

Mixed Blood essays

Mixed Blood essays The question of race has been a long debated topic that still has not been answered. Jeffrey Fish embraces this issue in his writing entitled, "Mixed Blood." The document opens by proposing the question of "What is race?", then breaking it down into smaller factions. The two lesser questions that are formed instead are: "How can we understand the variation in physical appearance among human beings? How can we understand the kinds of racial classifications applied to differences in physical appearance among human beings?" The preliminary hypothesis determined is that race is a myth and does not really exist. Yet, Fish chooses to expand on various possibilities that may lead to other conclusions. Over the millenniums, evolution of man has been slow, but very significant. Through different means of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift, the human species has come to numerous modifications. Although, the concept of genetic drift is what intrigues the minds of most individuals. The concept of adaptive value seems to appear as a major role in physical differences. For instance, the first settlers of the New World all had different characteristics depending on the environment they lived in. Those that stayed further North, such as the Eskimos, usually had short, rounded bodies with light faces. These features were developed due to the weather. The rounded figures were to help insulate their bodies and as a result of little or no sunlight the skin color of these people were often very light. In contrast to this are the settlements of cultures South near the Equator. Indians from Central America to South America held dark complexions and thin frames as a result from the exposure to intense heat. For these reasons a consistent biological approach can not be assessed on terms of skin color or body size. Rather now we have simply broken the human species into three distinctions of Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negr...

Free Essays on Earths Axis

Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation at 23.5 degrees offset of the axis from the direction perpendicular to the Earth’s orbital plane. The direction of the rotational axis stays nearly fixed in space, even as the Earth revolves around the sun once a year. As a result, when the Earth is at a certain place in its orbit, the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and experiences summer. Six months later the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and experiences winter. The seasons are reversed for the Southern hemisphere. Many factors change due to the tilt of the Earth, whether it is at the normal 23.5 degrees, at 45 degrees or at no tilt at all. The tilt of the Earth has a major effect on the seasons around the world and the amount of daylight that each particular geographic location receives. If the Earth were not tilted, the days would act like the equinox at all geographic locations. Thus, each area would experience 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. If the earth were tilted at 45 degrees, days in the Northern hemisphere during winter would be shorter as you move towards the pole. If you were in the Southern hemisphere your days would be longer as you moved towards the pole. The Arctic circle and Antarctica would experience total darkness and total light throughout the year., depending on the amount of direct sunlight that those locations receive. During summer solstice when the Earth is tilted at a 45 degree north slope you would have total darkness and total light, this would of coarse be reversed in the Southern hemisphere. At the equator you would see 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness at the equinox’s. The days would decrease through the winter and then the Spring equinox the days would decrease through summer. The result of this is extreme day changes at the equator. For instance, at summer solstice, our northern tier of states(anywhere north of 45 degrees no... Free Essays on Earths Axis Free Essays on Earths Axis Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation at 23.5 degrees offset of the axis from the direction perpendicular to the Earth’s orbital plane. The direction of the rotational axis stays nearly fixed in space, even as the Earth revolves around the sun once a year. As a result, when the Earth is at a certain place in its orbit, the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and experiences summer. Six months later the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and experiences winter. The seasons are reversed for the Southern hemisphere. Many factors change due to the tilt of the Earth, whether it is at the normal 23.5 degrees, at 45 degrees or at no tilt at all. The tilt of the Earth has a major effect on the seasons around the world and the amount of daylight that each particular geographic location receives. If the Earth were not tilted, the days would act like the equinox at all geographic locations. Thus, each area would experience 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. If the earth were tilted at 45 degrees, days in the Northern hemisphere during winter would be shorter as you move towards the pole. If you were in the Southern hemisphere your days would be longer as you moved towards the pole. The Arctic circle and Antarctica would experience total darkness and total light throughout the year., depending on the amount of direct sunlight that those locations receive. During summer solstice when the Earth is tilted at a 45 degree north slope you would have total darkness and total light, this would of coarse be reversed in the Southern hemisphere. At the equator you would see 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness at the equinox’s. The days would decrease through the winter and then the Spring equinox the days would decrease through summer. The result of this is extreme day changes at the equator. For instance, at summer solstice, our northern tier of states(anywhere north of 45 degrees no...

Management Strategies in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management Strategies in Action - Essay Example In most cases, the number of customers may be too many having different expectations, some of which may be contradictory to those of other customers. For example, some customers expect high mileage from an automobile, while others want more power. Another set of customers may want both mileage and power. The designer of the engine of the automobile has to satisfy the expectations of this whole group of customers in the best possible way. Customers have their own unique way of expressing their expectations, when enquired about. QFD helps to convert these expectations, called 'Voice Of Customers' (VOC), into engineering or technical requirement. In the example of automobiles, expectation of high power would technically mean generation of high torque by the engine, while expectation of high mileage would employ the technical need for a 4 stroke engine. QFD lets the designers know where their products or services stand vis--vis the competitors' products or services on the customer expect ation profile. QFD aids in objectively determining which technical requirement implemented would result in maximum possible satisfaction of most customers. Also it lets the designers know which technical requirements if neglected completely and not implemented, would not affect the satisfaction level of customers much. QFD emerged as a useful tool manufacturing but also in services set-ups. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has been used in Japan since 1966 to help companies better understand how their customers define quality, and then assure that the internal operations such as design and manufacturing can actually deliver it. QFD has been widely practiced by various divisions of Japanese competitors of ours such as NEC [Akao 1990, Takada 1992, Uchimaru et al., 1993] and Panasonic [Akao 1990], and even European [Olsson 1993, Jacobs 1996] and American ones [Bosserman and Stoner 1994, Bohem and Squires 1995, Richardson and Barnard 1996, Stickel and Bosserman 1996]. There are references to the application of this technique during the 1970's at Mitsubishi Heavy industries, by Komatsu, Fuzi, Isuzu, Konica and Matsushita. Yogi Akao (1972), presently a professor at Asahi University. Yogi Akao has been credited with developing this technique to the present form. In 1987, the QFD research group of the Japanese society of quality control (JSQC) led by Akao published a final survey report on the status of QFD application among 80 Japanese companies (Akao et al., 1987; 1989). The companies surveyed listed the following as the purpose of using QFD: setting design quality and planned quality; benchmarking competitive products; new product development that sets the company apart from competitors; analyzing and accumulating market quality information ; communicating quality related information to later processes; deploying design intent into manufacturing & identifying control points for the GEMBA (a Japanese term that refers to the place where source infor mation can be learned); reducing initial quality problems, reducing design changes; cutting development time; reducing development costs & expanding the market share. In recent years, the more QFD-proficient of these companies have upgraded to Comprehensive QFD, which includes several tools to better analyze the Voice of the Customer, and more concise deployment matrices that address specific design requirements such as performance, function, technology, capability, as well as the components,

Why is Smith's work on the division of labour still of interest after Assignment

Why is Smith's work on the division of labour still of interest after almost 250 years - Assignment Example The notion of division of labour is associated with the cooperative structure of supplying labour services to perform that task. Division of labour has been applied by producers of all goods and services and after the introduction of industrialisation this concept has been widely used by these producers (Brown and Rose, 2010, p.34). This research attempts to describe the notion of division of labour which was marked by Adam Smith and also describes the reasons of application of Smith’s idea of division of labour in the modern times. An effort is made to critically analyze the reasons behind importance of the concept of division of labour even after 250 years of its introduction in economic theories. Smith’s notion of Division of Labour: Adam Smith has argued that in the face of industrialisation and growing demand for various goods and services, it is most necessary for producers to apply the notion of division of labour into the production processes. The application of division of labour into production processes will not only increase the amount of output produced, but also will increase the quality of produced output. Adam Smith has opined in his book, The Wealth of Nations, that applying division of labour helps the producer by splitting up the entire production process in smaller divisions and by applying labour service to each division of the complete production process (Smith, 1776, pp.10-12). According to Adam Smith, using division of labour in the production process will also help labourers to efficiently perform a single tack and to achieve the level of expertise in the production of the part of the entire production process which is assigned to one labourer at a time. These developments in the process of production of the good help labourers to increase the volume of production and also help to augment the quality of production of that good. Adam Smith has also argued that the difference between a steel doorkeeper and a philosopher is a consequence of division of labour. A steel doorkeeper can apply the concept of division of labour by engaging others (mainly his family members) and increase the productivity, as well the quality of production of the service. A philosopher cannot divide his thinking process with the help of the notion of division of labour (Smith, 1776, pp.12-17). Adam Smith has opined that the introduction of division of labour in the production processes will help labourers to match their skills with the equipments available to them for producing different goods and services. He himself gave an example of pin production. In the production of a pin, one person produces the head and another person produces the body. Both these labourers are using the best (most efficient) available and different types of technology to produce either the head or the body of the pin. In this way the total volume of production can be increased along with the quality of production. However, Adam Smith also criticised t he application of

Aviation Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aviation Law Assignment - Essay Example In the Warsaw Convention chapter, three expounds three types of assertions to which liability confers: The claims based on individual injuries (Article 17), those based on damaged or lost luggage (Article 18) and those based on costs due to delays in the course of transportation (Article 19). Article 17 clearly states conditions that an international air transporter can have liability for damages to passengers. It provides that the transporter is only liable for injury sustained by a bodily harm to a passenger, their hurting, or the incident of death. Another way is if the mishap that caused the harm took place in the airplane or in the sequence of any operations of boarding and disembarking. Under the same Article, an air carrier is solitarily liable for passenger harm when the three circumstances are met: The occurrence of a mishap, in which the traveler succumbs to death, physical harm, or physical expression of the injury and the misfortune must have taken place inside the plane in the occurrence of operation of boarding and landing. Article 18 clearly explains that a transporter will have responsibility for injury sustained from obliteration or damage to any checked properties, if the incidence took place in the course of the transportation by flight. In relation to Article 19, a carrier will have accountability in the event of injury caused by delay in carriage of passengers by flight, and their goods, or baggage. In relation to Article 25, a carrier need not be obliged to avail themselves of the requirements of the Warsaw Convention. That exclude or limit their accountability when it is presented that the carrier has caused the loss suffered by the applicant was triggered by the carrier’s misconduct, as defined in the Law of forum.4 The Warsaw Convention impedes passengers from upholding an action for costs for personal harm under local law once the claim does not gratify the Convention’s conditions for carrier’s obligation for inter national air carriage. In article 29, Warsaw convention it outlines a two-year decree of restrictions. In this article, the right to compensations will be dismissed if no action is done accordingly within the first two years from the arrival date at the destination, or when the aircraft should have arrived, or when the transportation stopped.5 â€Å"The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air drafted in Montreal known as Montreal Convention amended the Warsaw Convention†.6 In relation to the Montreal Convention, a carrier holds liability for any damage incurred in the occurrence of bereavement or body injury of a passenger with the condition that the accident that caused the harm or demise occurred on the plane or in the course of operations of boarding or debarking. This convention only applies to worldwide carriage of individuals, luggage, or cargo that originates in one of the state’s gathering to the Convention and dismisse s in that of an alternative. The Montreal convention has been labelled as an agreement that is beneficial mainly to passengers than airlines in contrast to the Warsaw Convention. The Montreal Convention offers four conditions that may be used by a court to base its authority. A complainant may take an action in the U.S for compensations in relation to the

See Assesment Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See Assesment Criteria - Essay Example Life expectancy decreased substantially in this period, in some areas by much as 25 years. Some of the major diseases that changed population dynamics greatly were cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis amongst others. The government of Great Britain struggled to contain these diseases and it was only with better living conditions, increased sanitation, reduced virulence of the disease and vaccinations that finally reduced mortality rates. In modern day infectious diseases, many of the same concepts are applicable in their control and better understanding of these has led to a continuously increasing life expectancy since Victorian times. Cholera was one infectious disease that increased mortality greatly. Cholera epidemics affected Great Britain, primarily London, between 1831 and 1866 (Halliday, 2001). While it was not known at the time, cholera is a water-borne disease that is caused by drinking water contaminated with choleric excreta. The bacterium is temperature dependent and multiplies rapidly in high temperatures (Cholera in England, 1893). However, in the Victorian era, the `miasmatic` theory was formulated to explain incidence of cholera. This theory assumed it was air, not water, which acted as a vector of transmission (Halliday, 2001). This assumption was unsurprising given that air pollution was major problem in London at the time. In fact, during the summer of 1858, the river Thames, filled with sewage, was referred to â€Å"Great Stink†by the Times. It was an anaesthetist, John Snow, who offered up an alternate explanation to the miasmatic theory. Snow observed that there was a high mortality amongst the users of a contaminated water pump during the cholera epidemic and persuaded the parish to remove it. This reduced mortality rates in the area greatly (Halliday, 2001). Furthermore, he observed that people getting their drinking water from a part of the Thames that was not polluted, showed much lower mortality rates. Unfortunately Snow’s ideas

Assignment Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment Questions - Case Study Example The coefficient of population does not in any way affect any other coefficient or be affected. What we can derive from the population coefficient is that 3.48 is stronger tham 2.0 and 5.5 is stronger than 3.48. Current accounting information is sufficient. Cost of production of the items varies but there is cost that is associated to unused capacity in the firm. If Einstein Inc. decides to stop production of Product to the unused capacity in the factory such as space, engineers and production managers will have extra cost on the produced products. To avoid the extra cost from unused capacity the firm would have to sell more items from the items that are performing or to release the resources that would carry this extra cost such as retrenching managers involved in production of product 2 The period under which the economy heats up will require extra resources to produce product 1 and 4 to the maximum output. The information given in above is not enough to make a decision on how much is maximum output as there resources need to produce any of the products is not included. In calculating the maximum output for product 1 and 4 the firm needs to measure the maximum output of its resources (lumpiness of capacity). They need to establish the maximum capacity they can handle and factor it. The will also need to calculate the cost per unit during the maximum period considering the cost or unused capacity of product 2 and 5 and the limited capacity for product 3. Determining the unit cost of the product will enable the firm to calculate the maximum number of products they can produce for product 1 and 4 and take care of the unused capacity of other products also the firm will need to consider capacity product 3 which might increase the cost of production if the volumes reduce. The information provided is not sufficient, as the cost of production is not separate. While, this is true the focus on products

See Assesment Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See Assesment Criteria - Essay Example Life expectancy decreased substantially in this period, in some areas by much as 25 years. Some of the major diseases that changed population dynamics greatly were cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis amongst others. The government of Great Britain struggled to contain these diseases and it was only with better living conditions, increased sanitation, reduced virulence of the disease and vaccinations that finally reduced mortality rates. In modern day infectious diseases, many of the same concepts are applicable in their control and better understanding of these has led to a continuously increasing life expectancy since Victorian times. Cholera was one infectious disease that increased mortality greatly. Cholera epidemics affected Great Britain, primarily London, between 1831 and 1866 (Halliday, 2001). While it was not known at the time, cholera is a water-borne disease that is caused by drinking water contaminated with choleric excreta. The bacterium is temperature dependent and multiplies rapidly in high temperatures (Cholera in England, 1893). However, in the Victorian era, the `miasmatic` theory was formulated to explain incidence of cholera. This theory assumed it was air, not water, which acted as a vector of transmission (Halliday, 2001). This assumption was unsurprising given that air pollution was major problem in London at the time. In fact, during the summer of 1858, the river Thames, filled with sewage, was referred to â€Å"Great Stink†by the Times. It was an anaesthetist, John Snow, who offered up an alternate explanation to the miasmatic theory. Snow observed that there was a high mortality amongst the users of a contaminated water pump during the cholera epidemic and persuaded the parish to remove it. This reduced mortality rates in the area greatly (Halliday, 2001). Furthermore, he observed that people getting their drinking water from a part of the Thames that was not polluted, showed much lower mortality rates. Unfortunately Snow’s ideas

What is Fibromyalgia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Fibromyalgia - Essay Example Some of the main symptoms relied upon by the doctors during the diagnosis are fatigue, pain and sleep disturbance (Bellato et al. 2012). The above mentioned symptoms are also call primary symptoms. A study by Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, (2012) acknowledges that, these symptoms in almost 80% to 100% of the patients. On the other hand, there are other symptoms leveled as associated symptoms of fibromyalgia. They include; headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, mood disorders, irritable bladder symptoms and hypersensitivity to cold temperatures. The disorder can be classified into primary and secondary Fibromyalgia. Cause of the latter can be evaluated but the former, primary fibromyalgia is quite hard to ascertain. According to Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, (2012), primary Fibromyalgia is also referred to as idiopathic Fibromyalgia, this kind of disorder is hard to identify its main causes. However, secondary fibromyalgia is easy to identify its main causes because it arises after a long time of living with disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Research also reveals that trauma or brain injury can cause fibromyalgia due to the disturbance to the central nervous system. The main aim of treatment of the disorder is to reduce pain, develop physical functions and to stop sleep disturbances. Common symptoms such as depression, pain and others show that the cause of the disorder is quite complex. The disorder can be inherited or caused by environmental issues. This calls for both medication and non-pharmacological treatment (Bellato et al. 2012). Some of the drugs used for treatment of fibromyalgia include; analgesics, muscles relaxants, antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Some of these drugs are meant to reduce stress and reduce sleeplessness. For example, Tricycle antidepressants are prescribed to patients with sleep disturbance (Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, 2012). Bellato,

Carrie Buck Essay Example for Free

Carrie Buck Essay Buck versus Bell 274 U. S. 2000 (1927) was the United States Supreme Court ruling that upheld a statue instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit, including the mentally retarded â€Å"for the protection and health of the state. † (Holmes) It was largely seen as an endorsement of negative eugenics which is the attempt of science to improve the human race by eliminating â€Å"defectives† from the gene pool. (Elof) Paul Lombardo argues (in N. Y. U. Law Review, April 1985, 60(30):30-62) that the Buck case was a milestone in government power over individual rights. Lambardo) In his essay â€Å"Carrie Buck’s Daughter: a popular, quasi-scientific idea can be a powerful tool for injustice,† Stephen Jay Gould attacks the injustice of the false â€Å"science† of eugenics, and champions Carrie Buck as the example of the victims. This paper aims scrutinized Gould’s writing skills by studying and analyzing the five metaphors he used in the essay. First, the comparison to Judeo-Christian (Exodus) and pagan Greco-Roman (philosopher Plato) ideas of punishment through 3 generations which is unjust will be tackled. Second, Carrie Buck is an instrument of showing the people what injustice is. Third, the references to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi’s policy of eugenics through gas ovens will be analyzed. Fourth, the issue of the dishonesty of the American legal system and the issue regarding Oliver Wendell Holmes will prove that government powers overpower the individual rights. This should not be the case. Lastly, the metaphor from the ballad â€Å"Barbara Allen† will be talked about. At the end this paper will also examine and evaluate whether Gould succeeded or not in his argument or persuasion essay Gould was a world renowned historian of science. (Shermer) This is why one believes that he uses metaphors that happened in history. He wanted to prove his arguments by relating to what has already happened in the past which is unique for a writer to do. The first metaphor was a comparison to Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman ideas of punishment through 3 generations. In addition to that is the superstition of bad things happens in threes. One supposes that Gould wants the readers to realize the similarity of the ruling and the ancient beliefs. He argued though that the injustice here is that the children are innocent of the crimes of their fathers or grandfathers. (Gould) When Gould referred to Adolf Hitler as the perfect metaphor for evil, it could be he was coming from a point of view that no person in the history of the world had done what Adolf Hitler did and all for the reason of eugenics. Gould was also known to write about philosophical matters. He was clearly disgusted by the eradication of over 9 million people through gas ovens just because they were considered â€Å"imperfect. † (Gould) How could Hitler know what is perfect if he is imperfect? Surely, it seems illogical when one sees this argument. As for the issue of dishonesty of the American legal system were the victims were not told of sterilization and that the government falsified records was just plain unjust. The government does not have powers to undermine the rights of any individual. The individual is in the proper perspective to know how to better a government and a sense of bettering a society rather than one person holding a high office. That should better fulfill each individual needs and in turn produce a more controlled government. A government should be entirely equal to all citizens and each individual should make his or her own decisions. (Rousseau) One of the most notable documents in history tells of the necessity of individual rights and explains why those rights are a necessity. Individuals’ wants and needs could possibly be blind to the state running the government and everyday pleasures that many take for granted could quickly come to light once they were gone. Often, the state does not visualize this method and can sometimes ignore the individual’s needs all together when proposing things. This basically give power to the federal government to control and set laws for people instead of letting the individual think for him or herself and control their own actions. With having the states predominate control over individuals, problems often occur and the different laws and propositions could alienate some people. The Declaration of Independence originally established different rights for the population of the United States in which gave the people rights of freedom that the citizens needed and a norm to have a guide for the people. Plato’s â€Å"from Crito† is a document that established and guidelines to be held by the states instead of the individual. The Declaration of Independence sought for individual unlike the principles regarded in â€Å"from Crito†, in which saw the power of the government to be lead by the state. Over time people have swayed from the views of the Declaration of Independence and have abused their rights that were allowed to them. That should be no reason to have these freedoms taken from them. Individual rights are a must in society and are important in the function of everyday life. The individual’s rights should predominate and not the government powers. In fact, the government has defeated their purpose by doing acts like fraud and telling lies. (Rousseau) They have the responsibility to defend and protect the innocent and helpless against people that will try to harm them. In this case, the people who are harming the innocent are the ones that should have been protecting the victims. Gould argued that as we can see in the evidences that Carrie Bucker is a victim of this injustice. Gould also made a reference to the ballad â€Å"Barbara Allen†. The ballad was about two lovers who were united only in their deaths which is similar to what has happened to the mother and child in the Buck case. Carrie and Vivian Buck were reunited when they were already dead. Gould’s tone during this part was a person who mourns as if the two people were related to him. He was so disappointed in what happened in their lives and was disappointed that because of the injustice done by the government we see the end of the Buck lineage with Vivian. Stephen Jay Gould is one unique writer. What distinguishes Gould from other writers is that he has taken his work beyond academia and into everyday life. He takes certain aspects of information in history or in any topic that appeal to a general audience and makes them relevant to the here and now. Gould uses his unique style to condense the key contributions of influential figures into a single essay. He also uses his own seemingly mundane experiences to make larger points. In this essay, one could see that readers will be enthralled to read from the very first page. He uses ordinary language but this does not mean that the depth of his words and thoughts would suffer. One can also see that he uses different perspectives in looking at the problem and not just contained in his expertise. He definitely succeeded in this persuasion essay if what he really wants was to open the eyes of the public to the negative effects of eugenics in our lives. Gould captures the emotions of the readers by using information that is both scientific and historical. However, if one questions whether Gould was impartial or objective then one would say that he was impartial. Although he did not directly state it in the essay, one could feel his emotions when one is reading through the article. Gould has established an interesting point in this essay. It was fascinating to see how he had developed the theme and wrapped it up. The essay was like a more structured version of a good and intellectual conversation. Gould has his own unique philosophy of science that has influenced both his career and his life. That philosophy can best be summed up in a quotation from Charles Darwin, frequently cited by Gould as a sound principle of philosophy: â€Å"All observation must be for or against some view if it is to be of any service. † (Darwin) Gould has followed Darwin’s advice throughout his career and his extensive writings.

Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and Ambroxol Hydrochloride

Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and Ambroxol Hydrochloride SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOCETRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN SYRUP DOSAGE FORM BY USING UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD S. S. Pekamwar, Madhav Shelke ABSTRACT: A simple, economical, rapid, accurate and precise UV Spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Levocetrizine dihydrochloride and Ambroxol hydrochloride in bulk and in Syrup formulation. Determination of Levocetrizine dihydrochloride (LCTZ) and Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB) in bulk and in syrup was conducted by using simultaneous equation method based on measurement of absorbance at 246 nm and 231 nm, ÃŽ »max of LCTZ and AMB, respectively. The solvent used for proposed method was methanol: water (50:50). The linearity for LCTZ and AMB was in the range of 5-35 Â µg/ml and 5-50 Â µg/ml, respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.52- 99.82% and 100.37- 100.72% for LCTZ and AMB, respectively. Thus the proposed method was simple, rapid, reproducible and accurate and can be successfully applied for simultaneous estimation of Levocetrizine dihydrochloride and Ambroxol hydroc hloride in bulk and in Syrup formulation. KEYWORDS: Levocetrizine dihydrochloride, Ambroxol hydrochloride, Simultaneous Equation Method, UV Spectrophotometry, Syrup, Validation. INTRODUCTION: Levocetirizine is a third generation non-sedative antihistamine. Chemically, levocetirizine is the active enantiomer of cetirizine. It is the L-enantiomer of the cetirizine racemate. Levocetirizine works by blocking histamine receptors. Levocetrizine is chemically, (R)-2-[2-[4-[(4- chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl] piperazin-1-yl] ethoxy] acetic acid dihydrochloride. Chemical Structure of Levocetrizine dihydrochloride: Ambroxol is an active N-desmethyl metabolite of mucolytic bromhexine. Ambroxol is used as a bronchosecretolytic and expectorant drug. Ambroxol has been shown to increase the quantity and decrease the viscosity of respiratory tract secretions. It enhances pulmonary surfactant production (surfactant activator) and stimulates ciliary motility. These actions result in improved mucus flow and transport (mucociliary clearance). Enhancement of fluid secretion and mucociliary clearance facilitates expectoration and eases cough. Ambroxol is chemically, trans-4-[(2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino] cyclohexanol hydrochloride. Chemical Structure of Ambroxol hydrochloride: Literature survey revealed that various analytical methods involving UV Spectrophotometry, HPLC and HPTLC have been reported for LCTZ and AMB alone and in Combination with other drugs. However there is no method developed for simultaneous estimation of Levocetrizine dihydrochloride and Ambroxol hydrochloride in liquid dosage form (Syrup). The objective of present work was to develop simple, rapid, economical accurate and precise analytical method for simultaneous estimation of Levocetrizine dihydrochloride and Ambroxol hydrochloride in bulk and in liquid dosage form (Syrup). The developed method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and successfully employed for the assay of LCTZ and AMB in combined liquid dosage form (Syrup). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals and Reagents: Analytically, pure LCTZ and AMB were provided as gift sample by Bidwai Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Nanded and Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, respectively. Syrup of LCTZ and AMB, Mzic D manufactured by Monad Pharmaceuticals, were purchased from local pharmacy. Methanol AR grade (Molychem) and Distilled water was used throughout the experimental work. Instruments: A UV-Visible Spectrophotometer: Shimadzu, Model: UV-1800 with 1 cm matched quartz cell and UV Probe 2.33 software was used. Calibrated analytical balance Anamed was used for weighing purpose. Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner (Sonicator): HMG India and Vaccum Pump Assembly: Millipore was used for the experimental work. Preparation Standard Stock Solution: Ambroxol hydrochloridre standard stock solution: Accurately weighed reference standard of AMB (10mg) was transferred to 100ml volumetric flask and dissolved in 50 ml solvent (Water, methanol 1:1) and sonicate for 5 min. then volumes was made up to the mark with same solvent; to obtain standard stock solution (100Â µg/ml) of drug. For the preparation of working standards, suitable aliquots of stock solution were pipette out and volumes were made up to the mark with solvent (Water, methanol 1:1); so as to get required concentrations. Levocetrizine dihydrochloride standard stock solution: Accurately weighed reference standard of LCTZ (10mg) was transferred to 100ml volumetric flask and dissolved in 50 ml solvent (Water, methanol 1:1) and sonicated for 5 min. then volumes was made up to the mark with same solvent; to obtain standard stock solution (100Â µg/ml) of drug. For the preparation of working standards, suitable aliquots of stock solution were pipette out and volumes were made up to the mark with solvent (Water, methanol 1:1); so as to get required concentrations. Selection of analytical wavelength: Sample solutions were scanned over the wavelength range of 200 nm to 400 nm, ÃŽ »max for AMB and LCTZ were found at 231 nm and 246 nm. Representative absorption spectra of AMB and LCTZ are shown in fig. 1 2. Fig. 1 : Absorption Spectra of LCTZ Fig. 2 : Absorption spectra of AMB Preparation of calibration curve of AMB and LCTZ By appropriate dilution of standard stock solution, different dilutions were prepared ranging from 5Â µg/ml to 35Â µg/ml for LCTZ and 5 Â µg/ml to 50 Â µg/ml for AMB. Absorbance of all the dilutions was plotted against the respective concentrations to obtain the calibration curves. The absorption overlain spectrum of AMB and LCTZ is shown in fig. 3 Fig. 3 : Overlay Spectra of LCTZ AMB Fig. 4 : Calibration Curve of LCTZ Fig. 5 : Calibration Curve of AMB Analysis of Marketed Syrup Formulation: Ten syrup bottles were weighed accurately, average weight was determined and poured in calibrated measuring cylinder to check extractable volume. As per label claim syrup contain LCTZ 5mg/5ml and AMB 30mg/5ml, so 5ml syrup was pipette out in 100 ml volumetric flask and dissolved in water: methanol (1:1) solution, sonicated for 10 min and filtered. Then different concentrations of syrup sample were prepared by serial dilution method and used for analysis. Prepared syrup sample was analysed on UV spectrophotometer using Simultaneous Equation Method. Method Validation The method validation parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were checked as per ICH guidelines. Precision: Precision of the method was verified by using syrup stock solution, the repeatability indicates the performance of the UV instrument. Interday and intraday precision was determined by repeating the assay three times in same day for intraday precision and on different day for interday precision studies. Accuracy (Recovery Study): To check the accuracy of proposed method, recovery studies were carried out at 80%, 100% and 120% of the test conc. As per ICH guidelines. To perform recovery study at 100%, 5ml syrup pipette out in volumetric flask and to this standard 30mg AMB and 5mg LCTZ was added. The volume as made up to the mark with water: methanol (1:1) solution and further dilution with same solvent to obtain sample solution Similarly, for 80% recovery study, 26mg AMB and 4mg LCTZ were added, and for 120% recovery study, 36mg AMB and 6mg LCTZ were added respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Precision Intraday Precision: Sr. No. Interval of Concentration (Â µg/ml) % Recovery Time AMB LCTZ I 30.10 4.96 100.34 99.35 II Intra-day 29.95 4.95 99.84 99.28 III 30.20 4.97 100.68 99.54 Table 1 : Intra-day Precision data of marketed formulation Name of the drug Mean* SD %RSD AMB 100.28 0.4225 0.4213 LCTZ 99.40 0.1345 0.1353 * Indicates average of three determinations Table No. 2 : Statistical validation of intra-day precision data Inter-day Precision: Sr. No. Interval of Concentration (Â µg/ml) % Recovery Time AMB LCTZ AMB LCTZ I 30.14 4.98 100.45 99.79 II Inter-day 30.09 4.98 100.32 99.72 III 29.96 4.98 99.87 99.63 Table 3 : Inter-day Precision Data Name of the drug Mean* SD %RSD AMB 100.21 0.3043 0.3036 LCTZ 99.71 0.0802 0.0804 * Indicates average of three determinations Table 4 : Statistical validation of inter-day precision data Accuracy (Recovery study): Level of Recovery Amount present (mg/5ml) Added concentration (mg) Amount recovered (mg) % Recovery AMB LCTZ AMB LCTZ AMB LCTZ AMB LCTZ 30 5 24 4 54.31 8.97 100.58 99.74 80% 30 5 24 4 54.20 8.95 100.38 99.52 30 5 24 4 54.38 8.98 100.72 99.82 30 5 30 5 60.28 9.96 100.47 99.68 100% 30 5 30 5 60.32 9.97 100.54 99.70 30 5 30 5 60.22 9.95 100.38 99.54 30 5 36 6 66.31 10.96 100.48 99.69 120% 30 5 36 6 66.36 10.96 100.56 99.72 30 5 36 6 66.24 10.95 100.37 99.58 Table 5 : Recovery study data Level of recovery % Mean recovery S.D. % R.S.D. AMB LCTZ AMB LCTZ AMB LCTZ 80% 100.56 99.70 0.1708 0.1553 0.1698 0.1557 100% 100.46 99.64 0.0802 0.0871 0.0798 0.0874 120% 100.47 99.67 0.0953 0.0737 0.0948 0.0951 Table 6 : Statistical validation of recovery study data Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation: Name of the drug LOD Â µg/ml LOQ Â µg/ml AMB 3.1645 9.5896 LCTZ 3.0891 9.3611 Table 7 : LOD LOQ CONCLUSION: The method used is simple and rapid and does not involve the use of complex instrument, low value of Standard deviation showed that the method is precise and high percentage of recovery of as shown in table shows that the method is accurate. Thus from the results it can be concluded that above developed UV method is suitable for estimation of AMB and LCTZ in syrup formulation. The estimated method is sensitive, precise, accurate, specific and economic. Hence, the method can be used successfully for quality control and routine analysis of finished pharmaceutical dosage form. REFERENCES: Indian Pharmacopoeia 2007, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Government of India, Ministry of Health Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Volume 2, 83 , 672. Makarand Avhad, Dr. C.G. Bonde, development and validation of simultaneous uvspectrophotometric Method for the determination of levofloxacin and ambroxol in tablets, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2009, 1, 4, 873-888 P.A. Patel, M.N. Dole, P.S. Shedpure, S.D. Sawant, Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Estimation of Salbutamol And Ambroxol In Bulk And Formulation, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 4, 2011, 42-45 Ilangovan Ponnilavarasan, Chebrolu.Sunil Narendra Kumar, and P.Asha, Simultaneous Estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Loratadine in Tablet Dosage form by Using Uv Spectrophotometric Method, 2.2011, 338-345 Jawed Akhtar, Monica Padaria, Development Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Doxofylline Ambroxol Hydrochloride in Bulk their Combined Dosage Form, Indo Global Jr. of Ph. Sciences, 2013, 3(1), 90-95 Ritu Kimbahune, Sunil K, Prachi Kabra, Kuldeep Delvadiya, Sanjay Surani, Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Analysis of Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin and Terbutaline Sulphate In Liquid Dosage Form (Syrup), International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review And Research, 8, 2, 2011, 24-28 Jyostna S.Patil, Chandan R. Rane, Radhika D.Ingale, Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Methods for Estimation of Levocetirizine and Ambroxol in Pharmaceuticalv Dosage Form, Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 2013, 3, 2, 1115-1122 S Lakshmana Prabu, AA Shirwaikar, Annie Shirwaikar, C Dinesh Kumar, G Aravind Kumar, Simultaneous UV spectrophotometric estimation of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride, Indian J Pharm Sci, 70(2), 2008, 236–238. Kishore Konam, Pottabathula Hari Prasad, Punuri Samuel Lukaraju, Sirajudeen. M.A, Determination of montelukast sodium and levocetrizine hydrochloride by using HPTLC method, Elixir International Journal, 38, 2011, 4276-4278 Madhura V Dhoka, Shakuntala S. Chopade, Method Development Comparative Statistical Evaluation of HPLC HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefodrixil Monohydrate Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(2), 2012, 203-212 Prince Francis Moses, Prathap Singh, Alagar Raja, David Banji , Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Ambroxol and Desloratadine in its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form By Rp-Hplc, World Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(6), 2013, 6246-6262 Rathore AS, Sathiyanarayanan L, Mahadik KR, Development of Validated HPLC and HPTLC Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, Pharm Anal Acta, 1(1), 2010, 1-6

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching St

My Personal Philosophy of Education One’s philosophy might contain views and values of education, methods of teaching, the purpose of a good education and why one uses certain curriculum. I feel that these four aspects are most important to me in my personal philosophy and will be in my classroom one day. I believe that the overall purpose of education is not only to teach students certain skills, but also to teach them to be their own person and individual thinkers. As a teacher one has to fulfill the role of educating and go beyond the teaching aspect, you have to be a role model, a fill in mommy, and a friend. As you are filling these different roles in your classroom, you also have to maintain control. I believe that education is important because as a society we need to learn and grow from what we know. Education is there to teach us about the past and prepare us for the future, which is why education is a leading and important part of our lives. As a Health and Physical education teacher, I plan to be a role model for every student that I teach. Not only do I want to be a role model for my students but also I want to be an inspiration. I want to inspire my students to do their best and reach for the top. I hope to touch the lives of the children that I meet, as well and help them progress. My first goal will be not only to teach my students the different aspects of physical education, but also to help them use these skills out side of the classroom. I hope to show students that there is more to what they are learning, by showing how to use the skills. I believe that students not only need someone to teach them, they also need someone to guide them in a positive directi... ...many others. A teacher is one who has to overcome the fear of walking into a classroom of uncontrollable students; she has to hold her head up high. Any sign of giving in to the students many destroy the teacher herself. A teacher is one who is willing to get up every morning and teach these students even when they would rather do other things with their time. An achievement in becoming a great teacher lies within the person. The decision to have a great classroom that the students look forward to or a classroom that all the students hate is left up to one person, the teacher. I hope to become the teacher that all the students look forward to having, and I will strive to make my classroom the best that it can be. Children realize that education plays a major part in their lives and I hope to make it memorable and enjoyable, as well as helpful and educational.

Brent Staples’ Black Men and Public Spaces

Antoinette Johnson English 100 Prof. Horna October 3, 2012 In the essay â€Å"The second shift†, by Arlie Hochschild, he explains how the wives of two-job families with small children typically work an extra 24-hour day in a year, between the pages 145(bottom) and 148(top). I agree with Hochschild’s determination because once women come home from first shift, they go straight into second shift. Whereas men come home from first shift, and get to pick and choose when to work second shift.Most men wonder why the level of affection is lacking in the home. I believe that the man in two-job families with small children are optimistic about the things that should be done around the house. I believe that they feel because they’re the â€Å"dominant† figure, that the women are supposed to do the majority of the work around the house. Then the men/husbands start to feel a type of way because the women become resentful,.I don’t blame the men for their actions, I blame the fathers and their father’s father for not showing them the correct way to uphold their households. In my eyes women has always been the life support or backbone of any family. So really the women are the â€Å"dominant† figure. It takes a strong individual to work an eight-hour shift, then come home to cook and clean for another eight-hours. To also cater to the children and husbands with all their needs. Women should demand more help from their husbands during the second shift.That extra 24 hours should be split between the two of them. If women stood up for themselves more often, men would start to appreciate them more while still in the relationship instead of when their relationship is over. In conclusion, as time goes on, the younger generations will get it together, I believe. Husbands and wives need to come together and make arrangements to better uphold the home. A more understanding husband plus a more no holds bar wife equals a better home.

Promoting National Unity in Sri Lanka Through Education

It took three decades of war, ethnic conflict and loss of thousands of lives for Sri Lankans to realize the importance of unity. Sri Lanka now stands in a position where the country is gradually recovering from brutal wounds of war and this is high time for the nation to look into aspects of promoting unity among diverse cultures and ethnic groups to avoid the reoccurrence of such a tragedy. One way of achieving unity among different ethnic groups is through education. Enlightenment of the nation about the importance of unity can only be achieved by educating people.This essay will analyze the ways of achieving unity through education with relation to the Sri Lankan society. Language is a powerful tool which can be used to achieve mutual understanding among cultures. It can also be used to share knowledge. So it is important to break language barriers between people in order to bridge them through communication. As the 20 million population of Sri Lanka consists of people belonging t o diverse ethnic groups where, more than one language is used, it is important to promote a trilingual education system, provided the most widely spoken languages in Sri Lanka being Sinhala, English and Tamil.The learning of all aforementioned languages should be made compulsory at primary level. Education in schools should be offered in all three mediums and the equal importance of these languages should be emphasized. The adaptation of a trilingual policy in education will facilitate the access to cultural texts and knowledge and promote unity through interactions between students where, mutual understanding can be achieved. Equal importance to all the cultures should be given and students should be educated to respect the customs and traditions of other cultures and religions or racial groups.Once steps are taken to break the language barrier, interactions between students from all parts of the country should be promoted. This could be done through extracurricular activities such as organizing cultural festivals and organizing field trips where students from the North can visit schools in the south and vice versa. Also schools could work together on joint ventures or projects where students will get opportunities to make new friends. The system of schools around the country should be linked to acilitate the knowledge sharing g process and this could be done through the implementation of a common platform, for an example as a social network among schools for sharing ideas and knowledge. National coherence will be achieved through interaction of cultures and this will promote national unity. The education system should be reformed to promote divergent thinking and it is important to change the attitudes of students from the contemporary social views of attributing a person to a specific nationality (Sinhalese, Muslim or Tamil) to attributing people to the common nationality of Sri Lankan.This should be taught at the school level so that future generations wil l hopefully have a different but positive attitude towards other cultures besides their culture. Promotion of learning cultural studies and peace and conflict studies as a linked subject at secondary and tertiary levels where students will be given transfer scholarships to different areas of the country to study about culture and traditions of a particular ethnic group and also be given opportunity to study and research about post conflict consequences.Creation of a platform for tertiary level students to present findings from their researches to help the process of national decision making, this can be achieved by creating partnerships with state universities and the assistance of university academics can also be used in national policy making with regards to reconciliation.In my opinion, the above four factors, Adopting a trilingual policy and Promotion of learning cultural studies and peace and conflict studies as a linked subject at secondary and tertiary levels interactions amo ng students, promoting the concept of a common nationality and are the most important to be considered when achieving national unity through education. Concentrating on the significance of two of the above factors in achieving national development, the adaptation of a trilingual policy plays key role in this narrative.As unity is promoted through mutual understanding, individuals can unite and work together towards attaining national development. Since equal significance will be given to all the nationalities and thereby language and cultural disputes will be solved and the reoccurrence of a tragedy such as the ethnic conflict which crippled the Sri Lankan economy will not take place.Peace is the most important factor to achieve national development, for a war torn country, achieving economic stability would be a mere dream. As for the importance of interactions between people for national development, it can be stated that greater interaction between diverse groups of people facili tates the process of sharing knowledge in different cultures. This knowledge can be used to develop modern technologies and sciences.Knowledge and the creation of intellectuals who are nourished with rich cultural knowledge can help develop innovations and policies that will help the country achieve economic growth and stability. In conclusion it is to be understood that when considering the above factors, giving equal significance to all ethnic groups, adopting a trilingual policy and developing people to people contacts is important to achieve national unity and national development. As a saying goes, ‘United, we stand, Divided we fall’.

Job analysis on Priority Plastics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job analysis on Priority Plastics - Case Study Example To achieve this goal, Priority Plastics, Inc. needs a job analysis plan. In essence, job analysis creates job descriptions that in turn define the duties and responsibilities of the employee. The realized job description also highlights qualification requirements desired by the employer, as well as how they relate or enhance job performance. The first step in Priority Plastics, Inc.’s plan is to determine the scope of its human resource needs. As the situation stands, the company needs to hire more employees, replace those who are leaving the company, and fill other vacant positions in other departments. In this respect, the scope is relatively wide because it covers other departments within the firm. The second step in the plan is to define the process and procedure of developing job descriptions. In this case, this effort will be an interdepartmental affair. The Human resource manager and the part-time HR Generalist need to consult with employees, supervisors, managers, and other stakeholders to determine the possible number of positions that need to be created in the company. Once this is determined, the plan goes to the next level. After consulting with key stakeholders about every aspect that relates to the company’s hiring needs, the next step is to undertake job audits. Job auditing evaluates the current human resource structuring to identify areas of success, failure, overlaps, or gaps in the human resource system (Robinson & Franklin, 2013). The primary goal of job audits is to match employees with what they are currently doing in the firm and determine areas of improvement in the next hiring cycle. In essence, the planned hiring should come in to make the company even more effective and efficient. Following job auditing, it will be clear which employees handle which tasks, and what duties or responsibilities should be directed towards new employees (Wilson, Bennett,

Choosing a Path 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choosing a Path 2 - Essay Example In the three divisions of business finance given by the SJSU, decision-making is a common required skill. Thus, as expected, critical thinking and analytical skills would be crucial should I be dealing with financial institutions, investments or corporate finance. The need to understand the function of money in corporate finance and management investment portfolios in investments would call for acquisition of logical and computation skills. Being self motivated and proactive would be crucial in understanding the events in the environment from which I would make informed and prudent decisions. Above all, skills in information technology would be useful in leveraging on technology to efficiently and effectively execute the assigned tasks. I, however, did not realize that communication skills would be that crucial for business finance major. In my view, finance is exclusively a numerical course. Therefore, all communication would be through logical representation of numbers to make sense to the audience. I thought that communication skills would perhaps be more critical to a marketing major as this course largely involves persuasion, thus the need for effective communication. However, the SJSU catalog on business finance indicates a requirement to pass in about three courses in writing. This shows the importance of communication in this course. Even so, I am ready to learn the communication skills required for a successful career in finance, writing not being new to me. This would be important to complement the technical skills that I will learn in finance. A majority of the courses expected for business finance major are interesting. Fundamentals of Finance seems interesting. As indicated in the SJSU catalog, this course would provide an understanding of how finance relates to others arms of business so as to influence decision-making. It would further educate on how financial resources are allocated in an

Economic Externalities And Market Failure Essay

Economic Externalities And Market Failure - Essay Example It can then, in turn, have either a positive or a negative effect on a third party individual who is not directly involved with the buyer or the seller of the transaction at hand.These costs (or benefits) are not included in the cost curve faced by the decision makers. For example, if I plant trees around my neighborhood, not only will I enjoy the benefits of having a street that is cooler and has more shade, but so will my neighbors, even though they did not have any part whatsoever to play in planting the trees. This is an instance of a positive externality. There are several instances that provide absolute evidence that the market economy is plowed with enough imperfections and that it is unable to achieve economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is both productive and allocative efficiency. Productive efficiency is achieved when goods are made with the least possible amount of scarce resources, in other words, goods are made at the lowest possible cost. Allocative efficiency is a chieved when the right amount of scarce resources are allocated towards the production of the right kind of products., i.e., when a combination of goods that leads to the maximum satisfaction of unlimited wants is produced, allocative efficiency is achieved. Therefore, the market fails to choose the right goods and services and is unable to produce them well enough. Market failure is a concept pertained to economic theory, whereby the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not very efficient.

Economics Discussion for online class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economics Discussion for online class - Essay Example There are numerous players in the deals business line, and all players are required to engage in ethical, healthy, and fair competition. When Groupon started its operations in the year 2008, many of its rival firms were already operational and had undertaken ad business for several years. Search engine ad companies like Google and Facebook were already running operational and successful business lines. Groupon has integrated creative and innovative business strategies to rise above many competitors in ad business. Its rapid growth can be seen to harm, fight, or gobble rivals in the industry, but its competition parameters are economically provided for. The company engages other firms in intense competition, an aspect that normative provides for. For this reason, the outstanding performance of Groupon is based on its operational strategies, as opposed to exploiting its rivals. Although business sustainability is a critical factor in Groupon’s business, copycats of its business model are readily present (Marin, 2011). Therefore, Groupon’s business model is consistent with normative principles of

Fiat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fiat - Assignment Example There are many reasons such as inflation, increased competitiveness from Japanese and Korean manufacturers, the emergence of low cost Asian manufacturers, change in policies and the global crisis. As a result, huge losses have been faced in terms of sales and turnover. There are many internal issues as well that have added to the existing problem of Fiat. This can be handled by identifying the key opportunities. The transformation of opportunities into strengths is the need of Fiat to come out from the crisis. Legal and consumer trends are looking for green technology and gas- efficient cars. This can be a major advantage for Fiat as it has always been addressing environmental concerns. In this report, an analysis of all such areas has been done which have contributed towards the decline of the Fiat’s performance and ranking in the automotive industry. The aim is to figure out the problematic areas where change and direction is required. In the first section, the background of the company is discussed. The external factors such as economic or technological which are the major indicators of growth or decline in any industry are evaluated to understand the current market trends and situation. The major challenges faced by Fait group are outlined keeping in mind its strengths and weaknesses. In the end, recommendations are given in the form of solutions that must be incorporated in the company’s strategy to address the major areas of concern. Company Background: Fiat is one of the founders of European Automotive Industry and has a history of more than 100 years. The acronym of FIAT is Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino. It was established on the eleventh of July 1899 by a group of investors and has its headquarters in Turin, Italy. Today, it has been operating in more than 61 countries with 1,063 companies. It has diversified into a pool of industries and has been designing and selling cars, trucks, construction & agriculture equipment, engines, mil itary vehicles, aviation etc. At the time of its inception, Giovanni Agnelli, one of the members of the Board of Directors, stood out and was known as the company’s innovator and mastermind. He had a great strategic vision and determination to make the company highly successful. Due to his utmost efforts along with the other members of the company, Fiat gained recognition at a very early stage and it is said to produce more than 10% percent of Italy’s GDP. In 1900, the first factory was opened in Carso Dante with a workforce of 150 workers who produced 24 cars. As of 2009, only the domestic workforce has reached to 198,348 workers. It has a workforce of about 223,000 people. Out of which, 111,000 are outside Italy. Fiat logo was designed in 1904 which has become a status symbol due to the superior and world-class cars manufactured by the company. During the First World War, it aimed at the production of munitions. With the rapid technological changes, developments were made at the railway sector, commercial vehicles etc. The year 1958 was marked as an economic boom for Italy which was facing a downfall due to the advent of the Second World War. The automobile sector also grew as it was the driving force for the Italian economy. Fiat experienced an increased production along with the exports from 1965 to 1977. In the year 1979, an independent automobile sector came into existence which was named as Fiat Auto S.P.A which included Fiat, Autobianchi, Ferrari, Abarth

Disc Assessment Essay Example for Free

Disc Assessment Essay DISC Assessment Paper Organizational behavior studies have become more significant in today’s present years than hey were before in past years, this is due to companies realizing that in order to acclimatize to the constantly changing business cultures that have stemmed from a competitive and rapidly moving market, they must put more emphasis on the correlation between human behavior and the organization. Understanding this concept has led many several companies to put investment into behavior assessments and seminars and use them as a training tool to educate their employees and learn the reasons for each person’s behavior and attitudes and how to handle and approach these various types of behaviors and attitudes. In this paper we will be discussing the study of various behaviors via taking the DISC platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment to identify both me and my learning team member’s predominant behavior styles. We will then analyze our behavior styles, our strengths and weaknesses identified within our styles and whether or not we agree or disagree with the assessment. The DISC Assessment categorized both of our behavioral types as being the interactive style and our sub styles were lc. The Interactive Style also called I Style is friendly, enthusiastic, a â€Å"party animal† that love to be where all the action is. They thrive on the acknowledgment, admiration and compliments that follow being in the spot light. They are more relationship-oriented than they are task-oriented. An Interactive style’s strengths are charm, persuasiveness, warmth and enthusiasm. They are gifted in skills and communication between individuals as well as groups. They are optimists with a large amount of charisma. They are also dreamers and idea-people who excel in getting others excited about their vision. All of these qualities assist them in influencing people and building alliances. The interactive style’s weaknesses are pinpointed as poor follow-through, carelessness, exaggeration and disorganization. They have a habit of getting to involved in too many activities and lose interest quickly. Furthermore, they can at times be seen as being impetuous, manipulative, and excitable when displaying behavior that is inappropriate to a situation. When analyzing the results of the DISC Assessment and the summary of my behavior. We were able to comprehend why we function and act the way that we do while interacting with our co workers, family and people. We both started to think about our adolescent years until now and realized that everyone wanted to be our friends and we were also chosen to be the leader most of the time. I would sometimes avoid being the leader and Gina would always be the leader but we were also both content with just being apart of the activities and tasks needing to be accomplished but our ability to drive others and complete task with enthusiasm would always show because of this we were thereby always moved to the front of the crowd. We also noticed that this same thing applies when were in the workplace; we were both again selected to be a leader after just a short time of displaying our abilities to charm and motivate. Gina noticed that she is always the person to excite employees and get them to produce at a faster pace when completing departmental tasks and goals. Gina saw that her managers are always pleased with her people skills and that they often use her as an example to her peers when adjusting or presenting new changes to the department. I identified that I was good at innovation at work and creating new ideas. Gina and I both welcome and look forward to change because it keeps and sparks our interest. We both despise boredom. DISC offered us so much information about our interactive style’s typical business characteristics such as wanting to be included by others in significant events such as research and brainstorming, resisting control and desiring freedom. In our personal lives we both also realized how our behavior style applied because we both don’t like when someone doesn’t give us their undivided attention and when were not given an opportunity to express ourselves or opinions.

The Study Of Error Analysis | Essay

The Study Of Error Analysis | Essay S.P. Corder is the parent of the scientific method that focuses on the errors learners make. He is considered as one of the main exponents of Error Analysis and that actually became a recognized part of applied linguistics. In Corders article (1967), entitled The significance of learners errors, the author investigates error analysis from a completely different perspective. Whereas, before Corder, errors used to be seen as defects that needed to be eliminated without giving too much attention to their role in second language acquisition, with Corder we begin to see how errors are indispensable for the learners themselves. In fact, according to Corder, errors could be regarded as a device the learner uses in order to learn the language. He states, we interpret his incorrect utterances as being evidence that he is in the process of acquiring language (p. 165). Lightbown and Spada (2006) agree with Corders claim that error analysis sights to discover and describe different kinds of erro rs with the intention of understanding how students attain a second language. Corders argument that learners errors are signals of actual learning is supported by another researcher of error analysis, James M. Hendrickson (1978), who points out, not only do all language learners necessarily produce errors when they communicate, but systematic analysis of errors can provide useful insights into the processes of language acquisition (p. 388). Thus, they both celebrate the fact that errors are significant and essential in the study of Second Language Acquisition. Corder demonstrates that not only do errors play a crucial role to the individual who can learn from these errors, but also to the teachers as they are able to track each students progress, and even to the researchers as they demonstrate how a language acquired and what strategies the learners use. Related to this, is the concept of how many errors are due to the fact that the learner uses structures, which derive from the native language. In Corders view, the possession of ones native language is facilitative, as errors in this case represent evidence of ones learning strategies. Dulay and Burt (1974) in their study maintain the same idea. In other words, they endorse that the childs errors are not indicators of faulty learning nor a need for instructional intervention (p. 135). To put it succinctly, they emphasize that making errors is vital in the learning process, and learners need to know the kind of errors they utter. Hence, before moving on the next notion that Corders article researches, it is essential to report the distinction that the author makes between systematic and non-systematic errors. Unsystematic errors occur in ones native language; Corder calls these mistakes and asserts that they are not significant to the process of language learning. On the other hand, he defines errors the systematic ones that are likely to occur repeatedly and that are not recognized by the learners. Such insight plays a significant role in linguistic research, and in the way linguists look at errors, understand them, and apply their outcomes to improve language competence. Moreover, Corder suggests that when a learner makes an error, the most efficient way to teach him/her the correct form is not by simply giving the correct answer to him/her, but by introducing a self-correctability criterion, in which the learner has to discover and find the correct linguistic form. In this way, learners should be given ample opportunities and sufficient time to self-correct. The standard way of thinking about error correction is that its purpose is to improve learners accuracy and language acquisition. I have always believed that providing students with immediate corrective and constructive feedback would have helped them acquire a new language better. When I was in high school, I used to think that it was the teachers responsibility to offer us, learners, corrections of our errors and that we were supposed to follow teachers instructions firmly. However, as a teacher, I have a totally different point of view. I support the idea that the audio-lingual approach to teaching a language is helpful in the sense that we learn grammar through memorization of dialogues and drills, but I find Corders argument of making language teaching in a more humanistic and less mechanistic way to be more persuasive. With this new trend comes the idea of learners different needs and styles. I currently learn basic Cantonese and Spanish through behaviorist theory. I am not yet a fluent speaker of those two languages but I put more efforts to acquire these language strands via repetition and mimicry. Although I find this to be an interesting and fascinating learning process, on closer examination I admire the idea that language teaching now follows more modern theories, which take into account students needs and wants. Because students are different from one another, they may react differently to their teachers error correction. Therefore, it is extremely critical that we, as language teachers, create a safe and supportive classroom environment in which our students can feel confident and at their ease about expressing their thoughts and ideas freely without suffering the threat or embarrassment of having each one of their incorrect language utterances corrected. As Mark R. Freiermuth (1997) advocates in his essay, errors are inevitable in the language classroom, but they should be addressed in a rational and consistent manner (p.6). In conclusion, although the study of error analysis is still quite speculative as we do not have a well-defined answer for who should correct the errors, when they should be corrected, and how they should be brought to the learners attention, we should keep in mind that there are techniques and strategies for error correction that we ought to implement in our classrooms. Interestingly, as I mentioned earlier, Corder views errors deriving from the learners L1 not as inhibitory, but as something that could aid to their learning growth, whether the learners are children or adults. As we studied in this class, many could count as factors for the L1 transfer errors in the acquisition of English. Among these are age, motivation, intelligence, time of exposure to the target language, place and purpose of learning English. Those can surely influence SLA and in some cases they can obstruct communication. It is our job, therefore, to provide our students with constant support and guidance, and ensure a pleasant and growing ambience.